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Overview of Lake Champlain Atmospheric Mercury Studies

This study focuses on atmospheric mercury deposition and emission in the Lake Champlain region, including wet and dry deposition events, mercury measurements, and modeling. Collaborators are working on various measurements and funding comes from USEPA-ORD, NOAA-LCRC, and VTANR.

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Overview of Lake Champlain Atmospheric Mercury Studies

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  1. Overview of Lake Champlain Atmospheric Mercury StudiesEric K. MillerEcosystems Research Group, Ltd. 1

  2. Underhill Air Quality Site (prototype MTN site) • Collaborators: Jerry Keeler, Sean Lawson, Melody Burkins, Rich Poirot, Jamie Shanley, Alan Van Arsdale • Event-based wet deposition of total and methyl Hg (UMICH + MDN) • Continuous measurements of ambient mercury (GEM, RGM, HGP) • Identification of source regions for wet and dry Hg deposition events • Modeling of Hg dry deposition and surface emission • Measurements of atmosphere-forest vapor phase Hg exchanges to support modeling of dry deposition and emission • Hg wet deposition collector comparison study • Other Measurements • Meteorology • AIRMON / NADP event/weekly wet deposition of major ions • IMPROVE Aerosol Speciation Site • Continuous PM 2.5 coming soon • O3, (SO2, CO coming soon), HAP screening • Funding: USEPA-ORD, NOAA-LCRC, VTANR 2

  3. Underhill Air Quality Monitoring Site 3

  4. Burlington, VT (~28 km, ~60 m elev) VTDEC PM2.5 – FDMS TEOM CO, NO, NO2 VTDEC Ozone Carbonyls, VOCs SO2 (soon) 4

  5. Sonic Anemometer Flux Measurements Fine wire thermocouple Fine wire thermocouple Upper Gradient Sampling Arm inlets 2 m Net Radiometer Pyranometer Quantum Sensor Fine wire thermocouple 5

  6. Lake Champlain • Collaborators: Neil Kamman, Jamie Shanley, Tom Holsen, Ning Gao, Celia Chen, Rich Poirot, Carl Waite, Sean Lawson • Mercury mass-balance study • Modeling of atmospheric Hg exchanges (deposition and emission) • Measurements of atmosphere-lake vapor phase Hg exchanges to support modeling of dry deposition and emission fluxes • Measurements of surface water DGM, THg, MHg (part. & dissolved) main lake + oligotrophic to eutrophic gradient of embayments • Meteorological measurements in support of modeling • Linking Hg input (atmosphere and tributary) to biological uptake • Coupled food web – mass balance model with dynamic inputs • Ambient Hg speciation measurements at lake elevation, N/S gradient, influence of specific sources. • Funding: NOAA-LCRC, USEPA-ORD, VTANR 6

  7. Issues for Discussion • Challenges of ambient speciation measurements • Challenges of wet-deposition measurements • Challenges of flux-measurements • Measurement results conflict with current model results • Challenges of using measurements to evaluate and inform modeling • MTN just getting started…no significant funding…where will the long-term support come from? 7

  8. Some Opportunities for Collaboration • In Progress • MTN SOPs and network design • Wet-deposition collector evaluation/design • EPA / USGS / NESCAUM MERGANSER Model • HYSPLIT-Hg modeling studies for interesting transport events • Monthly/annual data for model evaluation (via MTN) • Looking to the future • CMAQ modeling studies for interesting transport events • Environment Canada flux measurement method comparison • Improved flux instrumentation and methods • Using flux measurements to improve model parameterizations of surface exchange processes • Establishing new MTN sites • Looking for suggestions! 8

  9. Collector Comparison 9

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