Diseases of the Circulatory System

1. Diseases of the Circulatory System

2. Hypertension(high blood pressure)

3. HYPERTENSION(high blood pressure) • defined as a blood pressure above 140/90 • prolonged hypertension can damage the heart and the blood vessels • it can cause many cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease or stroke

4. Treatments for Hypertension • healthy diet • exercise • weight control • medication These methods are all designed to decrease cardiac output and lower the pressure in the arterioles.

5. Healthy Diet Reduced amounts of: • saturated fats • trans fats • cholesterol

6. Exercise • Some studies show that any amount of exercise is helpful in preventing hypertension while others show that a large amount of exercise is needed • Cardiovascular exercise 3 times per week for at least 30 minutes each time is most commonly recommended

7. Weight Control • Body fat percentage should be kept within healthy range (17-27% females, 10-20% males) • BMI (body mass index) can also be used to calculate healthy body weight

9. Vasodilators cause blood vessels to expand and therefore reduce the resistance to blood flow Diuretics cause the body to excrete more urine & reduce the volume of liquid in the body lower liquid volumes will decrease the blood volume and therefore decrease pressure on arteries MedicationsMost lower blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output

10. ATHEROSCLEROSIS • fatty deposits containing cholesterol and lipids accumulate in the lining of blood vessels (called plaques) • plaques decrease the diameter of the blood vessels and the elasticity of the vessel wall • usually occurs in the coronary arteries

12. Results in ... • decreased blood flow to the rest of the artery • lack of nutrients and oxygen to the areas of the body after the narrowing • may lead to abnormal blood circulation, heart attack or stroke

13. Causes of Atherosclerosis • high cholesterol diet • high blood pressure • infection (not proven but scientists have found DNA from bacteria in the walls of blood vessels with atherosclerosis)

14. HEART ATTACK AND ANGINA Angina • heart is deprived of oxygen • pain or tightness felt behind the sternum which may radiate to the jaw, back and arms • can occur during periods of exertion or emotional stress • relieved by rest or nitroglycerine

16. Heart Attack • a more severe form of angina • a clot completely blocks a coronary artery • the cells in that area have no access to oxygen and nutrients and they die • after the death of these cells scar tissue forms and the heart may be weaker • symptoms include angina, fatigue, dizziness and indigestion

17. smoking age poor diet obesity lack of exercise stress family history of heart disease diabetes Causes of Angina and Heart Attack

18. STROKE(Ischemic Attack) • blood vessel going to the brain is damaged • a clot formed in the blood vessel causes a stroke by blocking blood flow to part of the brain • the blood vessel bursts due to high blood pressure or weakened blood vessel walls (aneurysm) Results in a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain

19. Stroke(Ischemic Attack)

21. Symptoms Depend on the part of the brain affected, but usually include: • weakness and numbness • slurred speech • dizziness and loss of co-ordination • trouble seeing **Symptoms are usually experienced on the opposite side of the body to which the blood vessel is located**

22. Some symptoms are reversible while others can be permanent.

23. smoking age poor diet obesity lack of exercise stress family history of heart disease diabetes Causes of Stroke

24. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) • sudden and temporary stroke that lasts only a few minutes • occurs when blood flow to brain is temporarily interrupted • symptoms are similar to a stroke • considered a warning sign for a future stroke