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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System Lesson 2 The Inner Planets Lesson 3 The Outer Planets Lesson 4 Dwarf Planets and Other Objects Chapter Wrap-Up. NASA/JPL/USGS. Chapter Menu. The Outer Planets. How are the outer planets similar?

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System Lesson 2 The Inner Planets Lesson 3The Outer Planets Lesson 4 Dwarf Planets and Other Objects Chapter Wrap-Up NASA/JPL/USGS Chapter Menu

  2. The Outer Planets • How are the outer planets similar? • What are the outer planets made of? Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC

  3. The Gas Giants • The outer planets, also known as the gas giants, are primarily made of hydrogen and helium. • The outer planets are extremely massive. They apply strong gravitational forces. • The interiors of the outer planets are mainly liquid. • These gas giants generally have gas and liquid layers around a small solid core. Lesson 3-1

  4. The outer planets are large compared to the inner planets. The size of Earth is shown for reference. Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterJupiter: NASA/JPL/USGSSaturn: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), and J.Uranus, Neptune: NASA/JPL Lesson 3-1

  5. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. • Jupiter has a diameter 11 times larger than the diameter of Earth. Lesson 3-2

  6. Jupiter • Jupiter’s atmosphere is about 90 percent hydrogen and 10 percent helium. • The planet itself is about 80 percent hydrogen and 20 percent helium. • Jupiter is a ball of gas swirling around a thick liquid layer that conceals a solid core. Scientists are not certain what makes up the core. Lesson 3-2

  7. Jupiter(cont.) • Jupiter has at least 63 moons, more than any other planet. • The four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—are known as the Galilean moons. • The Galilean moons are made of rock and ice. Lesson 3-2

  8. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It rotates rapidly and has horizontal bands of clouds. Lesson 3-3

  9. Saturn • Saturn is mostly hydrogen and helium. • Saturn has an outer gas layer, a thick layer of liquid hydrogen, and a solid core. • Saturn has seven bands of rings, each containing thousands of narrower ringlets. Lesson 3-3

  10. Saturn has at least 60 moons. Titan is the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere. Cassini, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Lesson 3-3

  11. Saturn(cont.) titan from Green titan, means “member of a mythological race of giants” Lesson 3-3

  12. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, with a system of narrow, dark rings and a diameter about four times that of Earth. NASA/ESA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona Lesson 3-4

  13. Uranus • Uranus has a deep atmosphere composed mostly of hydrogen and helium and a small amount of methane. • Beneath Uranus’s atmosphere is a thick, slushy layer of water, ammonia, and other materials. • Uranus has a tilted axis or rotation that might have been caused by a collision with an Earth-sized object. Lesson 3-4

  14. Uranus(cont.) Uranus has at least 27 moons. Lesson 3-4

  15. Like Uranus, Neptune’s atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. NASA/JPL Lesson 3-5

  16. Neptune • Neptune’s interior is also like Uranus’s, made of partially frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. • Neptune has at least 13 moons and a faint, dark ring system. Lesson 3-5

  17. All of the outer planets are primarily made of materials that are gases on Earth. Colorful clouds of gas cover Saturn and Jupiter. Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterJupiter: NASA/JPL/USGSSaturn: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), and J.Uranus, Neptune: NASA/JPL Lesson 3 - VS

  18. Jupiter is the largest outer planet. Its four largest moons are known as the Galilean moons. NASA/JPL/USGS Lesson 3 - VS

  19. Uranus has an unusual tilt, possibly due to a collision with a large object. NASA/ESA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona Lesson 3 - VS

  20. The outer planets are primarily made of what? A.oxygen B. methane C. hydrogen and helium D. carbon dioxide Lesson 3 – LR1

  21. What are Jupiter’s Galilean moons made of? A. rock and ice B. hydrogen and helium C. gas D.carbon dioxide Lesson 3 – LR2

  22. Which planet is the seventh from the Sun and has a system of narrow, dark rings? A.Jupiter B.Neptune C.Saturn D.Uranus Lesson 3 – LR3

  23. Do you agree or disagree? 5. The outer planets also are called the gas giants. 6. The atmospheres of Saturn and Jupiter are mainly water vapor. Lesson 3 - Now

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