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Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America

Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America. Chapters 4 and 5. Bell Work. What is the importance of the Constitution? What kind of government does the U.S. have? What are the roles of our branches of government? List as many of the ten amendments as you can?

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Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America

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  1. Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America Chapters 4 and 5

  2. Bell Work What is the importance of the Constitution? What kind of government does the U.S. have? What are the roles of our branches of government? List as many of the ten amendments as you can? Who is known as ‘The father of the Constitution’? What does it mean when people say the Constitution is ‘A living document’?

  3. A New Nation, A New Government governments Without British rule, new governments must be created The Articles of Confederation(1777-1787) State governments: Draft constitutions with a bill of rights Bi-cameral Direct vote Weak governors Power to tax, create currency, militia, establish courts First U.S. government Unicameral- Congress Each state gets one vote Could declare war Could make laws Could make treaties Create an army and navy Postal system Borrow money

  4. A Need for Change The Articles of Confederation proves to be too weak to govern the states No power to tax No authority over the states Can’t not enforce the law No executive or judicial branch No national currency No ability to regulate trade Problems of the New Nation Spain-Florida-New Orleans Debt-France-Citizens Barbary Pirates Western Land Claims State boundary disputes Talk of secession Shays Rebellion

  5. Constitutional Convention 1787-Philapedia, PA 12 of 13 states 55 delegates Throw out articles Big vs. little- economic differences and slavery Virginia Plan-James Madison Basis for constitution 3 branches • Fight over representation • New Jersey Plan • Great Compromise • Two houses • One by pop. • One for equal for the states • Slavery-How will they be counted? • 3/5ths compromise • Slave trade would remain open for next 20 years

  6. A New Government-Big Ideas of the Constitution The Construction becomes the supreme law of the land Limited government Founded a representative government-Republic Federalism- a system which power is divided between states and federal government Check and Balances Separation of Powers Popular sovereignty- people choose(not Senate or President) The Document- A living document? Page 91 Elastic clause Article 1,section 8, 18 Taxes- Article 1, section 9, 4 Civil unrest- Article 4, section 4, Supremacy Clause-Article 6, section 2 Slavery- Article 1, section 2, 3 Article 4, section 3

  7. U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION Preamble: establishes six goals of the U.S. government To form a more perfect union Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity

  8. U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION The founding felt the best way to prevent the abuse of power was to divide it. Federalism: Reserved and Concurrent powers between state and national government Supremacy Clause: Article VI: states the constitution is the “Supreme law of the land”, national supersedes state law What are 3 powers of the national and state governments? What are 3 shared powers?

  9. U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION Checks and Balances: System to limit the powers of each branch.

  10. Debate over Ratification Federalists Anti-Federalists 9 of 13 states are needed to pass the Constitution Ratification proves to be a difficult process Support the constitution Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, John Jay Write The Federalist Papers Patrick Henry, Jefferson, Samuel Adams Feared a stronger national government Wanted a clear bill of rights

  11. The Bill of Rights The Constitution is ratified in 1788 with the guarantee of a bill of rights James Madison drafts a copy Passed in 1791 Refers the first ten- today there are 27 Page 102- Copy down the first 10

  12. Voting for President: The Constitution Right that doesn’t exist: Electoral College The founding fathers feared direct democracy by an uninformed mob Instead of direct democracy they choose the Electoral College 538 electors vote for President!! Why do we still have this system? • Arguments For • Certainty of Results • Discourages 3rd Parties • Precludes Possibility of National Re-Count of Votes • Keeps States as Integral Part of Presidential Selection Process • Keeps Small States as Viable Participants • Arguments Against • Can distort popular vote • Discourages 3rd parties • Disenfranchises Voters in States Which Support Electoral College Loser • Allows for the "Faithless Elector" • It Is Archaic - Based on Political Considerations No Longer Relevant • Gives Undue Power to "Swing States"

  13. Electoral College Essay Should the Electoral College system of electing President continue or be replaced? Your answer should include specific reasons to support your position. Due Friday-20 points

  14. Individual Reports-Key People of the 1800’s 30 points- Content of information, on-time, presentation, picture Project requirements: Research two key figure during the 1800s (no presidents) Give a brief power point presentation on your people (2 slides minimum, 2 pictures ) Provide background information on your person and explain their role in American History What do they do? Why are they important? What impact to they have on history? Picture- matted on paper, picture-name, dates, one paragraph minimum summary of person Presentation start next Tuesday, Pictures due Tuesday

  15. Bell Work Name the first four Presidents of the United States List any events you know of in American History from 1789-1815 List two advantages and disadvantages of political parties

  16. George Washington- 1st President 1789-1797 • Goals • Strengthen Government • Strengthen Economy • Remain Neutral(expect Natives) • Government • Appoints a cabinet • Appoint first Supreme Court- • Uses force to put down the Whiskey Rebellion • Economy • Alexander Hamilton • Pay all debts in full • National Bank • Loans to businesses • Neutral • French Revolution • America neutral(trade with both) • British stop ships, support Native American attacks • Washington attacks Ohio Valley tribes, surrender Ohio

  17. George Washington Birth of Political Parties Farewell Address: Advice to the Nation Alliances and foreign wars Huge national debt Overpowering military establishment Political Parties Importance of civic duty, morality, religion Regional differences/Secession

  18. John Adams-2nd President 1797-1801 • Federalist • V.P-Jefferson (R) • Administration is marked by political fighting • Alien and Sedition Act- • Harder for immigrates to become citizens, Deportation • Limit freedom of speech and the press-No bad talking the government

  19. Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 “Revolution of 1800”-peaceful transfer of power Democratic-Republican(V.P. Aaron Burr) Less government-Common man Marbury v. Madison-Judicial Review Neutral- Embargo of 1807-hurts U.S. economy

  20. The Louisiana Purchase 1803 Purchase from France 15 million or 4 cents an acre Doubles the nation Lewis and Clark Expedition-Sacajawea Opens to door to the west and sets America’s future path

  21. James Madison-4th President 1809-1817 Democratic – Republican Guides America through the War of 1812

  22. Reading Assignment Read Chapter 4 section 3 pages 112-118 and Chapter 5, section pages 130-135 Quiz Wednesday on the reading and the notes from last week(Articles and Constitution)

  23. The War of 1812(1812-1815) • Causes • 1. Trade restrictions /Impressment • 2. Native American Conflict • 3.War Hawks-land (NW TERR/Canada) • 4. Politics-Madison’s election, dislike Great Britain • 5. No Communication! • Effects • 1. British and major Indian resistance gone • 2.A sense of nationalism • 3. National hero in Andrew Jackson • 4.Began an era of national expansion and economic growth • Events • 1. Tecumseh is killed • 2.U.S. invade Canada, burn York • 3.British burn the White House • 4. Francis Scott Key writes what will become the National Anthem(Battle of Baltimore) • 5. Key victory-Battle of New Orleans

  24. Era of Good Feeling 1815-1830 • American’s gain a national identity • Intense patriotism • Economic growth-westward expansion • Opening of westward land for settlement(new states) • New inventions, urbanization • Assert ourselves internationally • Treaties with Spain • Monroe Doctrine

  25. Monroe Doctrine 1823 5th President-James Monroe (1817-1825) Democratic-Republican Improves America’s role as the dominant power of North America Greatly aided by his Secretary of State-John Quincy Adams(6th President) Rush-Bagot Treaty(1817)-Disarms the Great Lakes Adams-Onis Treaty(1819)-Spain cedes Florida to the U.S. When did America become an international power? Monroe Doctrine- Closes the western hemisphere to European colonization Backed by American threat of force

  26. Bell work In a small group, come up with a list of possible solutions for Native Americans in dealing with the Americans. Which one would you choose?

  27. Tecumseh and The Shawnee Prophet Tecumseh is a Shawnee Chief Goal is to resist American expansion Create a sovereign Indian Nation in the Ohio/ Great Lakes Region Attempts to build a unified Native American resistance His brother preaches a message of cultural revival Primary Source Reading(class)

  28. Andrew Jackson-7th President Born poor, rises through the army Battle of New Orleans/Fights Creeks and Seminoles in Florida(invades) Loses election of 1824 ‘Corrupt Bargain’ 1829-1837 Elected the 7th President of the U.S.(Democrat) Best known for…….. War Hero Champion of the common man Duals Spoils system Tariff Crisis(Secession) Destroying the National Bank Excessive Presidential Power

  29. Indian Removal Act 1830/Trail of Tears Pushed by President Jackson, the act gave him the power to negotiate removal treaties of all Native American nations east of the Mississippi River. Jackson uses the act to force nations to sign over their land in exchange for land in the west(Present day Oklahoma/Kansas) • The Removal Act impacts many nations, mainly “Five Civilized Tribes” • Cherokee • Choctaw • Chickasaw • Creek • Seminole • The Trail of Tears refers to the suffer and death along the route west • 1831-1838-46,000 moved, estimated 5,000-10,000 die • 25 million acres of land!

  30. Cherokee Resistance Fight through the court system Worchester v. Georgia Chief Justice John Marshall rules the Cherokee can stay, sovereign nation Jackson- “Let him enforce it” Video Questions How do the Americans promote Native American assimilation? How do the Cherokee assimilate? Why do the Americans want the Cherokee land? Video Two Why do the Cherokee believe they have a good relationship with President Jackson? Explain the difference between John Ross and Major Ridge opinion’s on how to resist removal. What was the U.S. governments purpose for the removal? What does the Indian Removal Act eventually create in the U.S.? Why is the Indian Removal Act important for every American to know about?

  31. Reading Assignments Tecumseh 1.What does President Jefferson hope Native Americans will do? 2. How does assimilation impact native tribes? 3. What role does William Henry Harrison play in these events. 4. At what battle does Tecumseh die? What dies with him? Cherokee Primary sources Read documents A,B,C,D and answer the questions for each document

  32. Economic Growth-Chapter 5, Section 2 pg. 140-147 Your group will read one section, summarize the key information and share your information with another group. From Farms to Factories Transportation Revolution Politics and the Economy • From Farms to Factories • Factory System • Lowell Girls • Transportation Revolution • Roads-Tolls • Erie Canal • Steamboats • Railroads • Politics and the Economy • Henry Clay-American System • Mutual-dependence • Regional interests-Conflict

  33. Class Reading Primary Source-Doing Business in America Discuss

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