Unit 5: The New South: The End of Reconstruction

1. Unit 5: The New South:The End of Reconstruction SS8H7.a Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period

2. Lesson 1

3. End of Republican Rule in Georgia In 1868, the Republican party gained control of the GA government Rufus B. Bullock was elected governor; wanted equal rights for African Americans In 1870, the Democrats regained control of Georgia’s government

4. Bourbon Triumvirate From 1872 to 1890 Alfred Colquitt, Joseph Brown, and John Gordon Wanted Georgia’s economy to be industrialized, not based solely on agriculture The cotton textile industry grew (production cottonseed oil, cattle feed, and fertilizer)

5. Henry Grady Journalist from Georgia who was called the “Spokesman of the New South.” promoted industry and crop diversification as a means to help the economy in Georgia Spoke about unity and trust between the North and South

6. International Cotton Exposition Held in Atlanta in 1881 A fair to bring money to Atlanta’s cotton textile business Sugar, rice, and tobacco were shown also Atlanta became known as the center of the New South

7. Thomas Watson and the Populists A political party formed in Georgia Upset b/c they were not prospering due to high railway fees and expensive loans Led by Thomas Watson (became more powerful than the Democrats)

8. Rebecca Latimer Felton A writer, teacher, and reformer Supporter of women’s suffrage, the right to vote Helped women win the right to vote At age 87, she became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate in 1922

9. The 1906 Atlanta Riot A string of violent events by whites against African Americans Dozens of African Americans were killed and many more were wounded Began because of stories of African American men attacking white women Tension increased because of competition between African Americans and whites for jobs Whites were worried that the African American upper class was becoming too powerful

10. Leo Frank Case Leo Frank was a Jewish man from Georgia who was lynched by a mob because of anti-Semitism (a belief system against Jewish people) Accused of murdering a young girl employee The governor of GA, John Slaton, reviewed Frank’s case and decided he was innocent

11. County Unit System Established in 1917 Way of giving votes in primary elections Unit votes: certain number of votes given to each county Counties divided in three categories: urban, town, and rural County system was eventually abolished

12. Lesson 2

13. Jim Crow South The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments increased the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

14. Jim Crow Laws Mandated the segregation of African Americans and whites

15. Plessy v. Ferguson Homer Plessy and a railroad company in Louisiana The court ruled that segregation was not against the Constitution a.k.a. “separate but equal”

16. Disenfranchisement • The act of denying a person the right to vote • Accomplished by poll taxes, property tests, and literacy tests • Racial Violence • Race riots and KKK violence

17. Lesson 3

18. Civil Rights Advocates • Booker T. Washington • A man who was born into slavery, raised during the Reconstruction Period, and was educated in a Freedmen’s Bureau School • He felt racial equality for blacks would come gradually and for the time being African Americans should embrace and take pride in common jobs such as mechanics and farming • He delivered a famous speech known as the Atlanta Compromise

19. Civil Rights Advocates • W.E.B. Du Bois • He did not agree with accomodationism • Was not satisfied with racial equality coming gradually • Founded the Niagara Movement • Wrote a book called The Souls of Black Folk

20. Civil Rights Advocates • John and Lugenia Burns Hope • Black educators that played a role in Civil Rights for African Americans • Helped educated Black people • He was president of Morehouse College in Atlanta

21. Civil Rights Advocates • Alonzo Herndon • Owned many barbershops throughout Atlanta • Owned the Atlanta Life Insurance Company • An entrepreneur and civil rights leader

22. Lesson 4

23. World War I Causes included ethnic and ideological conflicts, nationalism, and political and economic rivalries

24. World War I Ethnic group is a group of people that shares a common and distinctive culture An ideology is a system of ideas that guides individuals, social movements, or groups of people Nationalism is devotion and loyalty to one’s own ethnic background or country of origin

25. Georgia’s Contributions during WWI America declared war on April 6, 1917 Over 100,000 Georgian men and women contributed to the Allied victory Georgia was a key state for the U.S. military Georgia had more military training camps than any other state in the country (over 12); the largest was Camp Gordon completed in 1917 and was located in Chamblee, GA Camp Gordon trained a famous division of soldiers known as the Eighty-second All-American Division **WWI was the first war that used airplanes as weapons

26. Lesson 5

27. Drought and the Great Depression Cotton has always been an important crop in Georgia The boll weevil is a small beetle that puncture cotton buds and destroys the crop; insecticides cannot kill boll weevils

28. Drought and the Great Depression Droughts and a combination of exhausted soil from overuse and the boll weevil forced many farmers to leave their farms

29. The Great Depression When the economy is at a high point, it is called a peak A low point in the economy is called a trough When a trough is extreme, the economy is said to be in a depression during times of depression, unemployment is high and people cannot afford many goods and services

30. The Great Depression Worst depression in the United States occurred in the 1930s The era preceding the depression is known as the Roaring Twenties

31. The Stock Market Crash October 29, 1929 A.k.a “Black Tuesday” The period of over 10 years in which the economy was slow, unemployment was high and everyone suffered in known as the Great Depression

32. Lesson 6

33. Eugene Talmadge Began his career as the Commissioner of Agriculture for the state of Georgia Was elected as governor of Georgia for 4 terms; died before he could serve the 4th term Overruled state legislature by invoking an executive order An executive order is an act by a governor or president that does not have to be approved by legislature

34. Lesson 7

35. The New Deal Herbert Hoover was president at the beginning of the Great Depression President Franklin D. Roosevelt set up a national plan called the New Deal in 1933 The New Deal was an attempt at fixing the economy

36. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) The purpose of the act was to raise the price of staple crops by limiting supply

37. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Created in 1935; signed in 1936 Created an agency that provided loans to states; the loans were to improve electric service to rural areas

38. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Was a New Deal relief program that created jobs for thousands of young men, most of who were veterans of World War I

39. Works Progress Administration (WPA) Created in 1935 Provided jobs for people Largest relief program in U.S. history

40. Social Security Act • Passed by Congress in 1935 • Provided two social insurance programs • The first was a system of old-age benefits for retiring workers, which would support them monetarily when they could no longer work • Offered insurance for the unemployed and disabled

41. The New Deal The New Deal gave those who suffered the most during the Depression security and power.