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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. Causes of the Reformation. Success of Catholicism led to criticisms Won hearts, spirits, and $$ of Western Europe Church corruption Abuses of Church practices and positions Indulgences: Cancellation of the penalty given by the Church to a confessed sinner.

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. TheProtestantReformation

  2. Causes of the Reformation • Success of Catholicism led to criticisms • Won hearts, spirits, and $$ of Western Europe • Church corruption • Abuses of Church practices and positions • Indulgences: Cancellation of the penalty given by the Church to a confessed sinner. • Johann Tetzel: “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.” • Raised $ for Church activities • Simony:Buying church positions

  3. Causes of the Reformation 2… • Conciliarism: Theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him • Printing Press:Credited to Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 • 1 of the most significant inventions in history • Increased the output of printed material • Made such material available to much of the population= increased literacy rates

  4. The Spread of the Printing Press

  5. Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Augustinian friar • Professor at university in Wittenburg, Saxony • Came to believe that personal efforts—good works such as a Christian life and attention to the sacraments of the Church—could not “earn” the sinner salvation • “Justification by faith alone” (1515)

  6. October 31, 1517 • 95 Theses, statements, about indulgences were nailed to the door of the Wittenburg church and challenged the practice of selling indulgences • Wanted to REFORM the Catholic Church Selling Indulgences

  7. Luther’s Relations with the Pope and Governments/Writings • Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521 • Diet of Worms (1521): publicly condemned by HRE Charles V • Wanted nobles and clergy to reform the Church • 1534: Translated the Bible into German City of Worms

  8. The Peasant Revolt - 1524

  9. Important Protestant Events • 1524: Peasant Revolt: Nobles repressed it with Luther’s blessing: killed 70k-100k peasants • 1529: Word ‘Protestant’ is 1st used • 1530, Augsburg Confession: Comprehensive statement of Luther’s beliefs • 1555: Peace of Augsburg established the permanent religious division of Germany into Lutheran and Catholic churches • “Curiusregio, eiusreligio” • “His region, his religion”—meaning that the religion of the region follows the religion of the person ruling there

  10. ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

  11. Resources • historyteacher.net: Susan M. Pojer • http://www.reformation.org/luther.html • REA AP European History Book

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