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What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?.

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What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

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  1. What Are Bloodborne Pathogens? Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people. There are many different bloodborne pathogens including malaria, syphilis, and brucellosis, but Hepatitis B (HBV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the two diseases specifically addressed by the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard.

  2. How can I come in contact with Bloodborne Pathogen? • How can I protect myself from exposure Bloodborne Pathogens?

  3. Types of Hepatitis Hepatitis A : fecal-oral; food/waterborne Hepatitis B : Bloodborne 100 times easier to catch then HIV! Hepatitis C : Bloodborne August 01, 2002 199,560,000 People Infected Hepatitis D : Bloodborne Hepatitis E : fecal-oral; food/waterborne Hepatitis F : Bloodborne 1994 Hepatitis G : Bloodborne 1995

  4. Hepatitis

  5. Symptoms of Hepatitis • Jaundice • Fatigue • Abdominal pain • loss of appetite • Diarrhea

  6. Hepatitis B • 16 days can survive on environmental surface • 30 years / liver related disease • 2% die in first two weeks after contact • Number of new infections per year has declined from an average of 450,000 in the 1980s to about 80,000 in 1999. • Greatest decline has happened among children and adolescents due to routine hepatitis B vaccination.

  7. HBV / HIV • HBV is 100 times more infectious than HIV • Yearly, there are 200-300 HBV deaths in • healthcare workers vs. 6-10 HIV associated deaths • Contaminated needle stick causes HBV in 2-40% • vs. 0.3% with HIV • 1 teaspoon of infected blood contains • 500,000,000 HBV particles vs. 5-10 HIV particles

  8. You cannot contact HBV or HIV by: • Touching an infected person. • Coughing or sneezing. • Using the same equipment, materials, toilets, water fountains or showers as an infected person.

  9. HBV & HIV primary means of transmission • Sexual contact • Contaminated sharps: (infected person cuts him or herself on glass, then somebody else cuts him or herself on the same glass) • Direct contact between broken skin and infected body fluids • From infected mothers to their babies at birth • Direct contact with caked, dried blood and surfaces which have been contaminated

  10. Prevention • Washing of hands (good hygiene & sanitation) • Reduce exposure to body fluids • Hepatitis B vaccine (92%-93% effective / 7 days) • Screening / treatment • Vaccination of infants and 11-12 year olds • Vaccine high-risk groups • Screening of blood/organ/tissue donors

  11. Human Immune deficiency Virus • Not very infectious / Weak (45 minutes must have blood) • 40 million people are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS. • HIV 1, HIV 2, HIV 3 • Most common new cases (women 18 to 35 years) • 1 out of every 225 people have HIV • 1 of every 4 adults is infected with HIV in Africa

  12. HIV • HIV attacks the body's immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure.

  13. Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission • Puncture of the protective layer of the skin • Non-Intact Skin (open cut) • Mucous membrane (eyes/mouth/nostrils)

  14. Skin Provides a Barrier Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against Bloodborne pathogens. However, infected blood can enter your system through: • Open sores • Cuts • Abrasions • Acne • Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters

  15. General Guidelines • Protect yourself first / Treat the victim second • Treat all human blood and body fluids as infectious • Wear P.P.E. • Attitude • Work Practices • Housekeeping

  16. Hand Soap antimicrobial antibacterial. directed or effective against bacteria destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

  17. Caution when working around body fluids Barriers of Protection

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