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LCA data on the Semantic Web

LCA data on the Semantic Web. Life Cycle Assessment and Product Data Technology Vico Equense, Naples, 15 th -16 th September 2005. David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited. Scope of presentation. LCA data is engineering data process flow data

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LCA data on the Semantic Web

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  1. LCA data on the Semantic Web Life Cycle Assessment and Product Data Technology Vico Equense, Naples, 15th-16th September 2005 David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited

  2. Scope of presentation • LCA data is engineering data • process flow data • Business practices for LCA data are common in engineering • c.f. design and maintenance • c.f. procurement • Role of Semantic Web • making the Web the data base • the need for reference data on the Web • need for portals – role for EU • Standard Reference Data on the Web • identification by URN and URL • need for web enabled international standards – role for ISO

  3. ISO ISO 14048 reference data IUPAC chemical reference data EDF ENEA supply 1 kWh Mediterranean reference data J. Bloggs & Co. make a JBC1234 Portal to LCA data EU LCA site reference data nobody else owns LCA portal collects data needed for LCA from the Web

  4. It’s all process flow data

  5. A network of processes technosphere processes environmental processes

  6. A network of processes technosphere processes environmental processes

  7. A network of processes technosphere processes environmental processes

  8. A network of processes technosphere processes class of flow (statistics) class of activity individual activity environmental processes

  9. A Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

  10. Data base queries follow the links

  11. We need to follow the links in a network start with class of process of interest find upstream and downstream processes find input and output flows assess impact on the basis of flows into and out of technosphere

  12. To follow the links, you make queries • Consider a process • the manufacture of one JBC1234 in region Naples by company J. Bloggs and Co. • what are the input and output flows? • Consider input flows • packaging softwood • electrical energy • what are the source processes? • Consider output flows • oil-contaminated cooling water • waste methane • what are the destination processes?

  13. Industry does this sort of thing all the time • Consider a process • pump LNG at temperature -40C at 5 m3sec-1 • mhat are the models of pumps that can do it? • Consider pump model JBC1234 • manufactured by company J. Bloggs & Co. • what are the possible seals? • Consider seal model P4567 • manufactured by company A.D. Vance & Cie. • what is the lifetime of this seal when pumping LNG contaminated with 0.1% XXX?

  14. The semantic web vision • Semantically precise data is published on the Web • A query to a Google-like Web browser can find: Which models of pump can pump liquids of viscosity V at temperature T at rate R The suppliers of these pumps The costs and delivery times.

  15. About the Semantic Web A procurement example

  16. Procurement on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing: <Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/> <iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> etc. </Class>

  17. Procurement on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing: <Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/> <iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> etc. </Class> The URL of the model is www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/product.owl#JBC1234

  18. Procurement on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing: <Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/> <iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> etc. </Class> What it is www.iso.org/15926/4/rdl.owl#Pump

  19. Procurement on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing: <Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/> <iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> etc. </Class> A property www.iso.org/15926/4/rdl.owl#maximumOperatingTemperature

  20. Procurement on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing: <Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/> <iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> etc. </Class> Quantity and unit www.iso.org/31/rdl.owl#Temperature www.iso.org/1000/rdl.owl#celsius

  21. A subtlety – proper use of set theory JBC1234 things with maximum operating temperature of 300 degrees Celsius This gives better supports for formal queries

  22. vocabulary how to making a statement basic technologies The layers of the semantic web Trust Proof Logic Rules Ontologies RDF schema RDF model & syntax NameSpace XML Unicode URI

  23. From Google to Data base • A precise ‘data base’ query over the Web • But there is no data base • Standard vocabularies are required • ‘pump’, ‘delivery time’, ‘operating temperature’, ‘day’, ‘Celsius’ Find all the pumps models where: - delivery time less than 60 days - operating temperature is in range 0 to 300 degrees Celsius etc.

  24. From Google to Data base • A precise ‘data base’ query over the Web • But there is no data base • Standard vocabularies are required • ‘pump’, ‘delivery time’, ‘operating temperature’, ‘day’, ‘Celsius’ • This is going to happen • The EU is backing the technology. • The US DoD is backing the technology. • Existing Web procurement systems will use it under the covers Find all the pumps models where: - delivery time less than 60 days - operating temperature is in range 0 to 300 degrees Celsius etc.

  25. About the Semantic Web An LCA example

  26. LCA data is no different • LCA data is just some more data that suppliers publish about their products • It does not have to be collected into one place • But it does need standard vocabularies

  27. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> The URL of the process is www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl#Make_one_JBC1234

  28. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> The direction of flow www.iso.org/14048/rdl.owl#outputFlow

  29. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> A stream is a process industry concept www.iso.org/15926/2/rdl.owl#ClassOfStream

  30. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> Basic LCA vocabulary www.iso.org/14048/rdl.owl#substance www.iso.org/14048/rdl.owl#destination

  31. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> The substance www.iupac.org/rdl.owl#1-CH4-h1H4

  32. LCA data on the Web a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/processes.owl containing: <Class ID=″Make_one_JBC1234″> <iso14048:outputFlow> <iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> <iso14048:substance resource=″&iupac;1-CH4-h1H4″/> <iso14048:destination resource =″&enea;UrbanAirNaples″/> etc. </iso15926-2:ClassOfStream> </iso14048:outputFlow> </Class> The environmental process www.enea.it/rdl.owl#UrbanAirNaples

  33. Ownership of reference data

  34. Different data – different ownership • LCA vocabulary in ISO 14000 series • aggregation type, technical scope, product, co-product, residue .... • owned by ISO • Quantities and units of measure • mass, density, volume, kilogram, metre …. • owned by ISO • Basic engineering vocabulary in ISO 15926 series • stream, input, output, source destination …. • owned by ISO • The data in a PFD (Process Flow Diagram)

  35. sea at Naples coastal sea Mediterranean sea Different data – different ownership • Chemical substances • methane, CO2, bentonite .... • owned by? (IUPAC, CAS, SETAC) • Environmental processes • owned by international, national, and regional government bodies

  36. off-peak electric energy in UK electric energy in UK electric energy from Bloggs Power electric energy in Europe Different data – different ownership • Industrial processes • different bodies identify and define different classes of process • government, trade association, individual company

  37. Physical network of processes technosphere processes environmental processes

  38. Web network Each process is recorded on the Web

  39. Web network Flows are recorded too. Sources and destinations are referenced by URIs

  40. URI, URN and URL An important technical digression

  41. URI, URN and URL • URN • globally unique ID – does not correspond to a resource on the Web • :iso:std:iso:ts:15925:2:rdl:ClassOfStream • URI • Uniquely identified resource on the Web • www.iso.org/std/iso/ts/15926/2/rdl.owl#ClassOfStream • Either can be used as an ID in OWL URI URL URN

  42. URN and URL for ISO standards • Current generation of RDL standards not Web friendly • ISO 15926-4, eOTD (ECCMA Open Technical Dictionary) • internal identification scheme • other standards referenced in the text • Use of URN by ISO • ISO TC184/SC4/N1916 – assignment of a URN to an ISO standard • SC4 resolution 650 – assignment of a URN to an object within an ISO standard • All ISO standards become ‘open technical dictionaries’ • All ISO standards assign URNs to their concepts • Do not want RDL standards to define additional URNs

  43. URN uptake - before • Technical standards today • Define concepts in text • Regard the assignment of computer interpretable keywords for concepts as ‘somebody else’s problem’ • RDL standards today • Define ‘trivial’ concepts not defined in other standards • Make textual references to concepts defined in other standards • Assign keywords to concepts • Provide systematisation of concepts – e.g. groups and hierarchies

  44. URN uptake - after • Technical standards tomorrow • Define concepts in text • Assign URNs to the concepts using the methodology of ISO TC184/SC4/N1916 • RDL standards tomorrow • Define ‘trivial’ concepts not defined in other standards • Assign URNs to these concepts only, using the methodology of ISO TC184/SC4/N1916 • Reference concepts defined in other standards by URN • Provide systematisation of concepts – e.g. groups and hierarchies

  45. Transition synchronised with URN uptake • Before • The metre is defined in ISO 1000 • The meter is an object in ISO 15926-4, defined by reference to ISO 1000. It is classified as a property. • If we do nothing, there will be an ISO 1000 URN and an ISO 15926-4 URN for the same concept. • After • The metre is defined in ISO 1000 and assigned a URN in ISO 1000 • ISO 15926-4 classifies the metre as a property, but does not assign a new URN. The ownership of reference data belongs with its creator, and not with an RDL standard.

  46. Making it work A portal for LCA data on the Semantic Web

  47. How to make it work • Somebody has to be the “Yellow pages” • provide the browser services that make data accessible • support for the LCA business process (just like a procurement process) • Somebody has to make sure that vocabularies are available • host what is missing • initially, much will be missing • Ownership of reference data is important • the owner defines the concept, gives it an ID, and hosts the URL • Reference data megalomania is not useful • ultimately most information will be distributed

  48. ISO ISO 14048 reference data IUPAC chemical reference data EDF ENEA supply 1 kWh Mediterranean reference data J. Bloggs & Co. make a JBC1234 Portal to LCA data EU LCA site reference data nobody else owns LCA portal collects data needed for LCA from the Web

  49. ISO ISO 14048 reference data IUPAC chemical reference data EDF ENEA supply 1 kWh Mediterranean reference data J. Bloggs & Co. make a JBC1234 Portal to LCA data A. D. Vance & Partners A different LCA portal EU LCA site reference data nobody else owns LCA portal others can provide added value to published data

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