Chapter 29: Asian Nations Struggled to Gain Stability

1. Chapter 29: Asian Nations Struggled to Gain Stability (1945 to the present)

2. Introduction • Look at the maps on pgs. 615 and 795 and compare them • How many nations that were former colonies have gained independence? • Which nations were never colonies? • What are some challenges that might arise in the new Asian nations? Building an economy, establish a government and resist outside forces • How might these new nations affect the west? They might exert cultural influence, provide economic competition and serve as pawns in the cold war

3. Chapter Overview • Great change occurred after WWII • In China, Communist led by Mao Zedong overthrew the nationalist government • The communist dramatically change the nature of China’s economy • Disputes among party leaders led to the Great cultural Revolution of 1966 • China broke off relations with the Soviet Union • Later China resumed diplomatic relations with the US

4. Korea • Was divided after WWII • Northern Korea (Communist) invaded S. Korea in 1950 • The attack was condemned by the UN • An armistice was signed in 1953 Japan • Lost territorial gains • Underwent agricultural and industrial changes • In the 1980s Japan was Asia’s leading industrial power

5. Indian Subcontinent • Was divided into India and Pakistan • India, under Nehru, adopted a mixed economy • Foreign relations were marked by conflicts with Pakistan and China • After a civil war, East Pakistan became the nation of Bangladesh

6. Philippines/Indonesia • The Philippines gained independence in 1946 but retained close ties with the US • After years of authoritarian rule under Ferdinand Marcos, the Philippines returned to democracy in the 1980s Indonesia • Under Sukarno and Suharto Indonesia suffered from economic misstatement • The new federation of Malaysia was endangered by cultural and economic differences • After gaining independence, Burma tries to remain neutral in the ongoing East-West conflict

7. Indochina • France fought a long war and was defeated by communist led Viet Minh • In the 1960s the US became heavily involved in Vietnam but with drew in 1973 • N. Vietnam defeated S. Vietnam in 1975 • Other countries in S. Asia were also affected by border disputes and refugee problems • Asian countries encouraged industrialization with various approaches such as authoritarian measures to international cooperation • Some countries enjoyed success but throughout the region economic development proceeded at a slow pace

8. Objectives • Discuss the changes in Chinese economic and foreign policy instituted by the communist government • Explain the causes and effects of the Great Proletarian Cultural revolution • Outline the causes and results of the Korean war • ID the aims of the American occupation of Japan • Describe the social and economic changes that occurred in postwar Japan • Trace the development of the US-Japanese relations since 1945 • ID the major social and economic problems facing India • Describe the events that led to the establishment of Bangladesh and Pakistan

9. Objectives • Compare the movement toward independence of the countries of SE Asia • Discuss the challenges facing the countries of SE Asia today • Trace the US involvement in the Vietnamese conflict • Explain how the Vietnamese War affected the countries of Indochina • Discuss the trend toward authoritarian governments in Asia • Describe the economic development in Asia • Give examples of Asia’s influence on the West