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Bacteriology

Bacteriology. JEOPARDY. WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR. An agent capable of causing disease only when a host’s defense is impaired. What is an opportunistic pathogen?. WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR.

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Bacteriology

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  1. Bacteriology JEOPARDY WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  2. An agent capable of causing disease only when a host’s defense is impaired. What is an opportunistic pathogen? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  3. Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has been used for the development of some immunological/diagnostic tests due to this property. What is the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  4. A young boy in rural New Mexico is admitted to the hospital with high fever, greatly enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, vomiting, and malaise. His mother reports that within the past two hours he has developed severe respiratory congestion. Antimicrobial therapy was administered, but it was too late and the boy succumbed to overwhelming infection later that evening. Autopsy revealed infection with these bacteria. What is Yersinia pestis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  5. The catarrhal stage, the paroxysmal stage and the convalescent stage characterize this disease. What is whooping cough? or What is pertussis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  6. Resistance to this antibiotic first noted in some enterococci provoked widespread fear (now realized) of transfer of resistance to strains of S. aureus. What is vancomycin? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  7. Greater than 90% of normal intestinal flora. What are obligate anaerobes? or What are anaerobes? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  8. Protein product produced by some bacteria that have a toxic effect on the host. What is an exotoxin? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  9. This genetic term describes the reason why there is a higher frequency of antibiotic resistant organisms found in the hospital environment than in the community environment. What is selective pressure? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  10. Production of alginate capsule seems to be induced in the lung environment where infection in the lung with the organisms that make this capsule is the leading cause of death in patients with this underlying condition. What is cystic fibrosis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  11. Food poisoning that is associated with rapid onset and rapid recovery and is more accurately an intoxication rather than an infection. What is staphylococcal food poisoning? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  12. A 10-year-old child presents to her pediatrician with a fiery red throat, enlarged cervical lymph nodes and a fever. A rapid antigen detection test indicates that her pharyngitis is due to this common bacterial cause. What is Streptococcus pyogenes? or What is Group A Streptococcus? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  13. “Rice water” stools produced during infection with these bacteria reflect the non-invasive nature of the bacteria. What is Vibrio cholerae? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  14. This is the reason that Mycoplasma pneumoniae are not susceptible to -lactam antibiotics. What is they have no cell wall? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  15. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia recurrentis, trypanosomes and some other organisms using this process accomplish evasion of the host’s immune system. What is antigenic variation? or What is antigenic switching? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  16. The “grayish pseudomembrane” that develops in the upper respiratory tract during development of this disease is due to the host’s inflammatory response and necrosis of epithelial cells as a result of the action of exotoxin produced by the bacteria. What is diphtheria? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  17. E. coli O157:H7 strains are associated with verotoxin production and hemorrhagic diarrhea. The O and H designation refers to this. What are O antigens and flagellar antigens? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  18. The most common opportunistic bacterial infection in the AIDS population in the United States. What is Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  19. This drug was identified as effective against Legionella pneumophila soon after the 1976 epidemic prompted investigation. It remains the drug of choice today. What is erythromycin? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  20. A 60-year-old man receives a puncture wound while working in his yard. After 24 hours, the wound is swollen and obviously infected. At his physician’s office, material from the wound is examined and large, Gram+ bacilli are seen. The man has received no immunizations of any kind for 40 years. This would be the appropriate therapy. What is administration of both tetanus antitoxin and immunization with tetanus toxoid? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  21. Bacteria are catalase negative, alpha hemolytic and optochin sensitive. What are Streptococcus pneumoniae? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  22. Infections (usually abscesses) with these general types of bacteria are always polymicrobic in origin. What are anaerobes? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  23. Pneumonia associated mostly with adolescents and young adults in caused by these organisms. What are Mycoplasma pneumoniae? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  24. In its urban cycle, these bacteria were responsible for “The Black Death” What are Yersinia pestis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  25. Virulence mechanism associated with capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae and M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes. What is inhibition of phagocytosis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  26. Term given to the acquisition of toxigenicity simultaneous to acquisition of a temperate phage. What is lysogenic conversion? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  27. MRSA have become increasingly common isolates from infections, especially those of nosocomial origin. The acronym (MRSA) reflects resistance to this and related drugs. What is methicillin? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  28. A young child is brought to her pediatrician for the third time in 3 weeks suffering from an ear infection that is apparently not responsive to the drugs employed. Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause has been eliminated leaving these bacteria as the most likely agent of the infection. What are Hemophilus influenzae? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  29. Specific effects associated with this substance include release of IL-1, TNF and other cytokines; fever; hypotension; alternate pathway complement activation; and disseminated intravascular coagulation. What is endotoxin? or What is LPS? or What is Lipid A? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  30. A 75-year-old widower finally visits his doctor complaining of a chronic cough of several months’ duration. A sputum sample reveals acid fast bacilli. The symptoms exhibited are due primarily to this host reaction. What is delayed type hypersensitivity? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  31. This disease caused by bacteria is usually acquired from wild animal sources, particularly rabbits. What is tularemia? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  32. Intracellular growth of the bacteria in alveolar macrophages in humans may be paralleled in the environment by intracellular growth in these protozoa. What are amebas? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  33. An elderly patient with an indwelling urinary catheter develops pyelonephritis. This bacterium is the most likely cause. What is E. coli? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  34. The cause of chancroid. What is Hemophilus ducreyi? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  35. A severe epidemic of infection with this organism occurs in a hospital. In order to investigate the possibility of a common source, various isolates are tested for the pattern of lysis produced by a battery of bacteriophages. What is Staphylococcus aureus? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  36. Post-suppurative illness associated primarily with respiratory tract infections; the illness features cross-reacting antibodies to heart tissue. What is rheumatic fever? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  37. A young woman presents with her first bacterial urinary tract infection. This is the most likely agent. What is E. coli? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  38. A middle-aged man visits his physician exhibiting all the signs of gastric ulcer disease. The doctor prescribes a course of several antibiotics to eliminate this organism from the gastric mucosa. What is Helicobacter pylori? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  39. Most important aspects of treatment are first surgical debridement of infected tissue along with administration of penicillin. What is gas gangrene? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  40. A Manhattan mother brings her son to the pediatrician in August. He seems to have the flu and has developed a “bull’s eye” rash on his lower right leg. When asked, the mother confirms that during the summer they rent a house in the Hamptons on Eastern Long Island. The doctor immediately institutes tests to confirm his suspicions. This is the bacterium she suspects. What is Borrelia burgdorferi? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  41. Less severe disease caused by the same bacteria that causes Legionnaire’s disease. What is Pontiac Fever? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  42. An elderly man develops pneumonia during his third week of hospitalization for another condition. Lung aspirates reveal Gram+ cocci that are catalase positive. Tests for this protein would confirm the diagnosis. What is coagulase? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  43. The ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to make a variety of pilin proteins at different times is an example of this phenomenon. What is antigenic variation? or What is antigen switching? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  44. Distinguishing characteristics include tumbling motility at room temperature and growth at refrigeration temperatures. What is Listeria monocytogenes? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  45. Protective antibody against Group A Streptococci is directed to this protein which is also the basis for a strain classification system. What is M protein? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  46. Originally classified in the genus Streptococcus, members of this genus were given a new name that reflects their common habitat and notes that, although similar, they have enough differences from other streptococci to be included in their own genus. What is Enterococcus? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  47. An outbreak of this diarrheal illness occurred in a daycare center. Clinical descriptions included an initial onset of profuse, watery diarrhea followed later by less voluminous stools containing mucus and blood, indicating inflammation and invasion. What is bacillary dysentery? Or What is shigellosis? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  48. Conjugate vaccine against these bacteria is comprised of capsular antigen complexed to carrier proteins, either inactivated diphtheria toxin or N. meningitidis outer membrane proteins. What is Hemophilus influenzae type b? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  49. Armadillos, as well as humans, may be natural hosts for these bacteria. What is Mycobacterium leprae? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

  50. A “health food” nut purchases cheese made from unpasteurized milk obtained from cows fed only organically grown hay. Two weeks later he develops a flu-like illness with fever, weakness, and myalgias. The symptoms seem to follow a cyclic pattern with fever highest in late day. Culture reveals small, Gram negative coccobacilli from this genus of bacteria. What is Brucella? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR

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