1 / 34

St. John’s, Oak Creek, Bible Class

St. John’s, Oak Creek, Bible Class. Martin Luther - God’s Reformation Servant “The Monk and Teacher”. “I Will Become a Monk”. 1. Influence of early training. Fear of sudden death very real 1502 serious fever Easter 1503/4 nearly bled to death 1505 Hieronymous Buntz died of plague.

guy-mayer
Télécharger la présentation

St. John’s, Oak Creek, Bible Class

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. St. John’s, Oak Creek, Bible Class Martin Luther - God’s Reformation Servant “The Monk and Teacher”

  2. “I Will Become a Monk” 1. Influence of early training • Fear of sudden death very real • 1502 serious fever • Easter 1503/4 nearly bled to death • 1505 Hieronymous Buntz died of plague 2. Deepening religious training 3. Special circumstances -- “Intimations of mortality”

  3. The Vow -- Stotternheim, July 2, 1505: “St. Anne, help me; I will become a monk” • “Anfechtung” • Serious contact with Scripture • End of June 1505 trip to Mansfeld • initiated by Martin • father summoned him home • On return, 6 km from Erfurt • Gathered friends at farewell party and gave his possessions away

  4. Monastic Life Augustinians -- Order of Observants of the Augustinian Friars; chartered in 1265 • 15th century “Observants” separated from “Conventuals” • 3rd largest mendicant order in 16th century

  5. At end of 15th century, 7 of 13 Saxon Augustinians houses had accepted reforms of Proles, their vicar general • 1503 Proles died and Johann von Staupitz succeeded as vicar general • at that time there were 27 Observantine houses in Germany, out of 200 Johann von Staupitz (ca. 1469/70 - 1524)

  6. Erfurt monastery founded circa 1265; initial construction 14th c.

  7. Why did Luther join Augustinians, when he had so many other choices in Erfurt? • St. George’s Bursa near Augustinian monastery • Augustinians known for their academic orientation • Monastery was reformed = rules were especially strict • Large, flourishing monastery with good reputation

  8. Monastic vows, according to views of the day, restored one’s original state of grace. • Meals served twice daily: midday, evening • Fasting = abstaining from meat • During fasts, evening meal replaced by “collation” (beer and wine served with gingerbread and salted bread) • Often Luther did not take water or bread for three days at a time

  9. Luther’s activities “If anyone would have gained heaven as a monk, then I would indeed have been among them.” • Novitiate lasted one year • Taught how to conduct himself • Took final vow on grave of Brother Jeremiah

  10. Soul torment -- in cloaca, tentatio tristitiae, Anfechtung • Joining monastery was supposed to bring peace • holy orders = clean as newly baptized baby • “Don’t you believe in the forgiveness of sins?” • Staupitz recognized Luther’s potential

  11. Staupitz -- Letter of May 30, 1518: “From you I learned . . . the biblical meaning of true repentance.” “Pater et praeceptor.” March 1545: “(Staupitz) was at the very beginning my father in this doctrine and gave birth to me in Christ.” • Staupitz not given to Semi-Pelagianism • Also not into Ockham or Biel who insisted “do what is in you” (aka “do your best and God will do the rest”)

  12. Studies and Ordination Studies for priesthood -- Under obedience. Directed reading. • Priesthood not Luther’s original intention • Staupitz prescribed program of directed reading in Bible and in Augustine under Director of Religious Studies • Gabriel Biel’s Canon of the Mass • priest = miracle worker in sacrament • Luther accepted without questioning

  13. Ordination -- April 3, 1507; first mass on May 2 • 1st mass postponed so father could attend • Invited guests • “honor father and mother” • Luther’s terror • Ordination of priest a major event -- ever since Black Death there had been a shortage of priests

  14. Academic progress in theology -- March 1509: Bachelor of Biblical Studies. 1512: Director of Studies in cloister. October 1512: Doctor of Holy Scriptures. • After ordination began new theological studies under Johann Nathin • Steps to Doctor of Theology • Biblicus or Lector [baccalaureus biblicus] • Formatus • Sententiarus [baccalaureus sententiarus] • Licentiatus • Doctor

  15. Special Assignments 1. Wittenberg beginnings -- Winter semester, 1508-09: Logic and Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle • A professor on leave and Staupitz involved in visitations 2. Erfurt studies and teaching -- Lombard’s Sentences • Luther a student and teacher • 1510 town-gown riot

  16. Trip to Rome -- Autumn 1510. Amalgamation crisis. • Staupitz favored joining Observantines and Conventuals: upgrade laxer houses • 7 of 29 Observantines convents protested • Pope ruled against appeal • Negotiator sent to Rome to get decision reversed; no monk could travel alone • Heine Luder had recently died; opportunities for indulgences

  17. Persona non grata -- “Exiled” to Wittenberg • Efforts in Rome unsuccessful • Luther in minority in Erfurt when he insisted they needed to accept results and move on • As result, he was “exiled”

  18. Call to Wittenberg 1. Transfer - April 1511 • Staupitz had been first dean of theology faculty at Wittenberg in 1502 • He established Augustinian monastery in Wittenberg • Staupitz became vicar general in 1503 • He gave up his professorship in 1512 • Staupitz brought Luther to Wittenberg to be his successor

  19. 2. Staupitz’s departure -- Headquarters in Nürnberg • Luther offered a variety of excuses, since he did not aspire to the doctorate • At same time Luther also picked up additional duties • 1511 Luther appointed preacher at Black Cloister • 1512 became subprior and Generalstudium • 1514 began to preach at Town Church

  20. Augustinian monastery in Wittenberg -- the “Black” Cloister

  21. 3. Successor -- Leader of Augustinians at Wittenberg, 1515. District Vicar for Meissen and Thuringia, 1516 • 29 April - 1 May 1515 Augustinians met in Gotha • Luther elected to 3-year term as district vicar for 10, later 11, convents in Meissen and Thuringia • Due to press of duties, became negligent in reading his breviary

  22. 4. Duties - “I do almost a sermon daily at the parish church, am district vicar, . . . Business manager of our fish farm, . . . Lecturer on St. Paul, assistant lecturer on the Psalter. . . . You see how idle I am!” • Elector Frederick provided 50 gulden for expenses connected with doctorate Academic Progress 1. Studies for doctorate - Ockham and Biel, John Tauler

  23. “It will be the death of me.” • William of Ockham promoted return to the Scriptures; willingness to recognize errs of popes and councils • John Tauler insisted one cannot be satisfied with humanistic tools. One needs to call on the living God, who operates in the living Word. • Together with Biel, these men did not make Luther a reformer -- contributed a piece

  24. 2. Growing reputation - 1517: Disputation against Scholastic Theology, 1518: A German Theology • When Luther arrived in 1512, majority of theology courses were scholastic • Luther had one class that met for one hour, four days a week • Later had 2 hours per week • initially at 6:00 a.m.; then at 1:00 p.m. • Humanists appreciated his “ad fontes” approach • Prepared A German Theology for publication

  25. 3. Reaction to Reuchlin broil • Johann Reuchlin twice faced Inquisition for Hebrew work, biblical and extra-biblical • Luther insisted that people needed all help they could get to read Hebrew and understand the Scriptures • 1518 Reuchlin suggested to grandnephew Philip Melanchthon that he accept position at University of Wittenberg 4. A new New Testament teaching tool - Erasmus’ New Testament, 1516.

  26. Lecturing and Preaching 1. Psalm lectures - First, 1513-15; then, 1518-21 • Mondays and Tuesdays, one hour • Lecture hall was at Black Cloister • first series, 16 August 1513 to 21 October 1515

  27. Used best resources available • Psalterium Quintuplex (1509) by Jacques Lefevre d’Etaples • Commentaries of Nicolaus of Lyra and Paul of Burges • Reuchlin’s De Rudimentis Hebraicis • By 1516 Luther no longer considered Vulgate to be authoritative text • Second series of lectures on Psalms took place from 1518-1521

  28. 2. Other Old Testament lectures - Genesis • 31 May 1535 Luther announced: “I will devote the remaining years of my life to an exposition of the books of Moses.” • Began lectures on Genesis, 1 June 1535 3. New Testament lectures - Romans (1515-16), Galatians (1516-17), Hebrews (1517-18) • Lectured at Wittenberg, 1512-1544 • No fixed repetition of lectures

  29. Romans: 3 November 1515 - 7 September 1516 • Galatians: 27 October 1516 - 10 March 1517 • Hebrews: 27 March 1517 - April 1518 4. Town church pulpit • 1514 pastor of St. Mary’s had serious throat ailment; Luther substituted • Work at St. Mary’s helped in development of Catechism • Many years preached 170 sermons/year

  30. All Saints -- “Castle Church” St. Mary’s -- “Town Church”

  31. Durchbruch “Break Through” 1. Process or “enlarging experience”? Both. Concerning the grasp of iustitia dei: “Diese Kunst hat mir der S.S. auf dies’ Cl. eingegeben.” “Turmerlebnis”? • Understanding “righteousness of God” not original with Luther • From 432 AD until 1517: at least 60 teachers in 20 countries understood this truth properly

  32. 2. Significance • In his Tower Discovery Luther had obtained key to Scripture • After 1514 it shines through his lectures • Bible once again became Christo-centric • Luther now ready to help others clearly see the implication of justification by faith

More Related