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Assistive technology

Assistive technology. Technology to assist patrons and staff who are deaf, hard-of-hearing, blind, have low vision, or are mobility-impaired. LIS 670. Laws. Prohibited discrimination on basis of race, religion, national origin. Language model for later legislation. Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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Assistive technology

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  1. Assistive technology Technology to assist patrons and staff who are deaf, hard-of-hearing, blind, have low vision, or are mobility-impaired LIS 670

  2. Laws Prohibited discrimination on basis of race, religion, national origin. Language model for later legislation Civil Rights Act of 1964 Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 Federal buildings must be accessible to persons with disabilities. Section 508 (added 1998) mandates accessibility of electronic and info. tech. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Signed into law by Pres. George Bush (Sr.) on July 26, 1990. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

  3. Laws Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975

  4. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - findings (1) Codified as 42 U.S.C. 12101-12213 43 million Americans have one or more physical or mental disability Historically, society has tended to isolate individuals with disabilities http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/42/ch126.html

  5. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - findings (2) Discrimination against individuals with disabilities persists in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, transportation, etc. Need for legal recourse to redress such discrimination

  6. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - purpose (1) Provide national mandate for elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities Provide consistent, enforceable standards addressing discrimination against individuals with disabilities

  7. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - purpose (2) Ensure Federal Government plays a central role in enforcing standards Invoke congressional authority to address the major areas of discrimination faced day-to-day by people with disabilities

  8. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 “No covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation ...” Title I: Employment Must hire person who is blind to drive bookmobile? No Automatically disqualify person with low vision from cataloging? No

  9. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Title I: Employment Automatically disqualify person with low vision from cataloging? No

  10. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Title II: State and local government activities & public transportation Title III: Public accommodations and services operated by private entities (including libraries)

  11. Disability - ADA definition 42 U.S.C. 12102 • A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of the individual • A record of such an impairment; or • Being regarded as having such an impairment Note: B and C related to ability to seek redress for discrimination

  12. Reasonable accommodation 42 U.S.C. 12111 (9) • Making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities; and • Job restructuring … acquisition or modification of equipment or devices Note: Without undue hardship ("requiring significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of overall financial resources of the facility, type of operations, etc.")

  13. ADA Home Page http://www.ada.gov/

  14. http://www.ada.gov/stdspdf.htm

  15. ADA Standards for Accessible Design 28 Code of Regulations (CFR) Part 36 Appendix A Sets forth guidelines for ramps, doorways, drinking fountains, bathroom facilities, aisle widths, signage, etc. http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/stdspdf.htm

  16. ADA Standards for Accessible Design

  17. ADA Standards for Accessible Design 4.4 Protruding Objects. “Objects projecting from walls (for example, telephones) with their leading edges between 27 in and 80 in (685 mm and 2030 mm) above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4 in (100 mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles”

  18. ADA Standards for Accessible Design

  19. ALA Library Services for People with Disabilities Policy Resolution (1) Approved January 16, 2001 "Libraries play a catalytic role in the lives of people with disabilities by facilitating their full participation in society."

  20. ALA Library Services for People with Disabilities Policy Resolution (2) " Libraries should use strategies based upon the principles of universal design to ensure that library policy, resources, and services meet the needs of all people." http://www.ala.org/ala/ascla/asclaissues/libraryservices.htm

  21. Technology for persons with vision problems

  22. Technology for persons with vision impairments Keyboards not standardized (Where's the backslash key?) Input problems Mouse, trackball, touch pad and touch screen require user to see cursor or mouse indicator on screen

  23. Technology for persons with vision impairments Enhanced keyboards Input solutions Optical scanners Talking screen programs Voice recognition systems

  24. Enhanced keyboards Add-on orientation or Braille dots Large-letter keys Braille keyboards

  25. Braille keyboard http://www.sighted.com/english/elba2003.html

  26. Optical scanners Used with optical character recognition programs Talking book technology can be used to create files that can then be taken home by the user and read on his or her machine $2,595.00

  27. Scanned text with voice synthesizer technology Proposition: IS THERE A SANTA CLAUS? As a result of an overwhelming lack of requests, and with research help from that renown scientific journal SPY magazine (January, 1990) - I am pleased to present the annual scientific inquiry into Santa Claus. 1. No known species of reindeer can fly. BUT there are 300,000 species of living organisms yet to be classified, and while most of these are insects and germs, this does not COMPLETELY rule out flying reindeer which only Santa has ever seen… http://www.kurzweiledu.com/files/santa-kate-200.mp3

  28. Talking screen in concert with traditional input devices Use traditional mouse, trackball, or touch pad but talking screen program lets user know where cursor is on the screen

  29. Voice recognition systems Good for staff workstations • Not as good for public terminals (requires "training" the software to recognize individual speech patterns)

  30. Technology for persons with vision impairments Textual or graphic monitor displays Output problems Textual or graphic printouts

  31. Technology for persons with low vision Screen magnification Output solutions Some people have a reduced field of vision. Decreasing the size of the text helps them to see more of the text on the page. • Software to change color or contrast • Large- or small-text printers

  32. Changing contrast with XP

  33. Changing contrast with XP (2)

  34. Changing contrast with XP (3)

  35. Changing contrast with XP (4)

  36. Screen magnification with XP (1)

  37. Screen magnification with XP (2)

  38. Technology persons who are blind Voice synthesizers Output solutions • Tactile output • Braille printers • Braille displays

  39. Microsoft narrator Start  Run  type “narrator”

  40. Refreshable Braille display

  41. Refreshable Tactile graphic display

  42. Technology for persons with restricted mobility

  43. Technology for persons with restricted mobility Repeating keys require quick movement Problems (1) nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn Closely-set, upraised keys ill-suited for mouth-held instruments or hands with limited control

  44. Technology for the mobility impaired Mouse requires holding down button while moving mouse Problems (2) Track balls and touch pads require precision movements

  45. Technology for the mobility impaired Ctrl, Alt, and Shift keys must be pressed simultaneously with other keys Problems (3)

  46. Technology for the mobility impaired Solutions (1) Keyboard add-ons (keyguards) convert raised to sunken keys Software to allow sequential key strokes Software that prevents key repeating

  47. Sticky keys and filter keys with XP

  48. StickyKeys - allows sequential keystrokes  Ctrl s Will be read as Ctrl + s

  49. FilterKeys - helps with typographical errors  nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn n

  50. Technology for the mobility impaired Alternative keyboards Solutions (2) Sip and puff systems (staff workstation)

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