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Chapter 6 LEARNING

Chapter 6 LEARNING. Section 1: Classical Conditioning Section 2: Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning. When you see this word what comes to mind.. “SASQUATCH” Jack’s Link Beef Jerky is associated with Sasquatch. Chapter 6 LEARNING. Section 1: Classical Conditioning.

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Chapter 6 LEARNING

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  1. Chapter 6 LEARNING Section 1: Classical Conditioning Section 2: Operant Conditioning

  2. Chapter 6 Classical Conditioning • When you see this word what comes to mind.. • “SASQUATCH” • Jack’s Link Beef Jerky is associated with Sasquatch

  3. Chapter 6 LEARNING

  4. Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus • This occurs when the two stimuli have been associated with each other

  5. Chapter 6 The Office & Classical Conditioning

  6. Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? IMPORTANT TERMS Terms that are important in understanding classical conditioning: • Unconditioned stimulus (US) – a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned • Unconditioned response (UR) – the response that is automatic, not learned

  7. Section 1: Classical Conditioning Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning? IMPORTANT TERMS(continued) • Conditioned Response (CR) – a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response

  8. Chapter 6 Pavlov • UCS – What naturally causes the stimulation? (FOOD) • UCR –What naturally responds to the stimulation? (SALIVATION)

  9. Chapter 6 Pavlov • CS – What stimulus now causes a response? • This is now learned? (TUNING FORK) • CR – How does it respond to the new, conditioned stimulus? (SALIVATION)

  10. Chapter 6 PAVLOV

  11. Chapter 6 CC in the Real World (Application) • Advertisements • Marlboro Man – association with rugged man • Bikini Model and a Beer – association with beer and girl • Da Da Da Da Daaaa….I’m Lovin It!

  12. Chapter 6 Stores use Classical Conditioning • UCS (music - popular tune) • UCR (positive emotion)   • CS (product) + UCS (popular tune) --> UCR (positive emotion)     • CS (product) --> CR (positive emotion)

  13. Chapter 6 Baby Albert

  14. Section 2: Operant Conditioning Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING • Offering of rewards – being positively reinforced • Shaping – a way of teaching complex behaviors in which one first reinforces small steps in the right direction

  15. Chapter 6 Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect

  16. Section 2: Operant Conditioning Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning applied? APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING (continued) • Programmed Learning – assumes that any task can be broken down into small steps that can be shaped individually and combined to form the more complicated whole • Classroom discipline – using principles of learning to change classroom behavior

  17. Chapter 6 Skinner - OC

  18. Chapter 6 OC • Positive Reinforcement – increase a behavior (smile, money, “I appreciate you”) • Negative Reinforcement – removing an aversive stimulus (removing the chimes by putting on your seatbelt)

  19. Chapter 6 OC • Primary Reinforcement– meets a biological need (air/food/water) • Secondary –reinforcers that are learned (money, good grades)

  20. Chapter 6 Skinner

  21. Section 3: Cognitive Factors in Learning Question: What are the cognitive factors in learning? COGNITIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING • Latent learning – learning that remains hidden until it is needed • Observational learning – acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others

  22. Chapter 6 Bo-Bo Doll Experiment

  23. Chapter 6 Cognitive Maps

  24. Chapter 6 Cognitive Maps

  25. Section4: The PQ4R Method: Learning to Learn Question: What are the steps of the PQ4R method of learning? STEPS OF THE PQ4R METHOD OF LEARNING • PREVIEW – getting a general picture of what is covered before reading a chapter • QUESTION – something in particular that we want to learn • READ – reading the material with the purpose of finding answers • REFLECT – an important way to understand and remember the material read

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