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Chapter Twenty-One

Chapter Twenty-One. Urban America and the Progressive Era, 1900—1917. Part One:. Introduction. Chapter Focus Questions. What were the political, social, and intellectual roots of progressive reform? What tensions existed between social justice and social control?

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Chapter Twenty-One

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  1. Chapter Twenty-One Urban America and the Progressive Era, 1900—1917

  2. Part One: Introduction

  3. Chapter Focus Questions • What were the political, social, and intellectual roots of progressive reform? • What tensions existed between social justice and social control? • What was the urban scene and the impact of new immigration? • How were the working class, women, and African Americans politically active? • How was progressivism manifested in national politics?

  4. Part Two: American Communities

  5. The Henry Street Settlement House • Lillian Wald. • Henry Street. • Settlement workers. • Community service.

  6. Part Three: The Currents of Progressivism

  7. Unifying Themes • Progressivism. • American. • Social Darwinist rejection. • Evangelical influence.

  8. The Female Dominion • Jane Addams, Hull House. • Crucial services. • Florence Kelly. • Women's’ positions.

  9. The Urban Machine • Closed and corrupt. • Welfare legislation. • Progressive allies. • Urban ills.

  10. Political Progressives and Urban Reform • Political progressivism. • Commissioner system. • Reformers.

  11. Progressivism in the Statehouse: West and South • Robert LaFollette. • Oregon referendum. • Hiram Johnson. • Southern progressives.

  12. New Journalism: Muckraking • Investigative journalist. • National opinion. • Upton Sinclair. • Ida Tarbell. • Lincoln Steffen.

  13. Intellectual Trends Promoting Reform • Social sciences • Lester Frank Ward. • John Dewey. • Oliver Wendell Holmes. • Sociological jurisprudence.

  14. Part Four: Social Control and its Limits

  15. The Prohibition Movement • Social control. • Women’s Christian Temperance Union. • The Anti-Saloon League. • Protestants. • Immigrants.

  16. The Social Evil • Prostitution. • “White slave”. • Street-walkers.

  17. The Redemption of Leisure • Urban commercial amusements. • Movies. • National Board of Censorship.

  18. Standardizing Education • “Americanize”. • Educational development. • High schools.

  19. Part Five: Working-Class Communities and Protest

  20. New Immigrants from Two Hemispheres • Working class. • New immigrants. • Long hours. • French-Canadians. • Mexicans. • Japanese.

  21. Urban Ghettos • Densely packed ghettos. • Jewish immigrants. • Garment industry. • ILGWU. • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.

  22. Company Towns • Corporate towns. • Ethnic groups. • Factories. • Mining communities.

  23. The AFL: “Unions, Pure and Simple” • AFL. • No minorities. • No “open shop”.

  24. The IWW: “One Big Union” • Industrial Workers of the World. • “Big Bill” Haywood. • Strikes. • East power. • Western force.

  25. Rebels in Bohemia • “Village bohemians. • Village bohemia dies.

  26. Part Six: Women’s Movements and Black Awakening

  27. The New Women • Middle-class women. • Reforms. • Margaret Sanger.

  28. Racism and Accommodation • Intensely racist era. • Segregation. • Violence. • Assumed innate inferiority. • Racial Darwinism. • Southern progressives. • Booker T. Washington.

  29. Racial Justice, the NAACP, Black Women’s Activism • W. E. B. Du Bois. • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. • Black women. • Settlement houses. • Suffrage. • Temperance. • Public health.

  30. Part Seven: National Progressivism

  31. Theodore Roosevelt and Presidential Activism • “Bully pulpit”. • Progressive reforms. • Miner’s pay. • Monopolies. • Regulatory laws. • Hepburn Act. • Pure Food and Drug Act

  32. Trustbusting and Regulation • Roosevelt faced growing public concern with the rapid business consolidations taking place in the American economy. • He considered government regulation the best way to deal with big business. • Some big businesses agreed with Roosevelt. • Stricter regulations would push smaller businesses out of the market. • American meatpackers could compete more profitably in the European market with the federal stamp of approval required under the Meat Inspection Act.

  33. Conservation, Preservation and the Environment • Conservation. • Forest Service. • John Muir.

  34. Republican Split • Square Deal. • William Howard Taft. • Roosevelt v. Taft.

  35. The Election of 1912: A Four-Way Race • Progressive Party. • Woodrow Wilson. • Socialist Party. • Wilson won.

  36. Woodrow Wilson’s First Term • Activist government. • Lowering tariffs. • Graduated income tax. • Federal Reserve Act. • Anti-trust authority • Federal Trade Commission • Cautious social reforms.

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