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Classification

Classification. Once there was a man named Aristotle…. He was a very smart man who like orderly things (sometimes scientists are like that.). The world, however, was not orderly. All these random living things…it was a mess! So…he decided to do something about it.

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Classification

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  1. Classification • Once there was a man named Aristotle…

  2. He was a very smart man who like orderly things (sometimes scientists are like that.)

  3. The world, however, was not orderly. All these random living things…it was a mess! • So…he decided to do something about it.

  4. He grouped living things into Plants…

  5. Or Animals.

  6. Then, he had a stroke of genius. He got even more specific and grouped all plants into…

  7. Trees,

  8. Shrubs

  9. And herbs.

  10. Animals were split into Animals of the air…

  11. Water,

  12. Or Land.

  13. Notice any problems? • What about frogs, both land and water?

  14. Enter Carolus Linneaus, 2000 years later. He liked things orderly, also. Invented the modern classification system

  15. He wrote a book and decided to group living things in a different way. He grouped living things based on their STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES.

  16. He grouped similar groups into larger groups, until he had seven groupings.

  17. The Seven Taxons(Groupings): • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  18. Classification of Humans • Kingdom: animal • Phylum: chordate • Class: mammal • Order: primate • Family: hominid • Genus: Homo • Species: sapien

  19. Taxonomy(Systematics) – science of grouping and naming things • Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name • Why? By using a scientific name, scientists can be sure everyone is discussing the same organism • Lepus arcticus

  20. How specific does it go? • Linneaus’ smallest grouping was called the species-reproduce with each other.

  21. Genus- a group of similar species • He grouped similar species into a larger grouping called genus.

  22. Binomial Nomenclature • GENUS + SPECIES = Scientific name! • Examples: • Homo sapien • Acer rubrum • Drosophilia melanogaster • Felis concolor • Felis domesticus

  23. Prokaryotes- simple cells Eubacteria- “normal” bacteria found everywhere Archaebacteria- unusual bacteria found in hot springs, brine pools and mud Eukaryotes- complex cells with nucleii Fungus- mold, mushrooms, etc. decomposers Protists- microscopic “left over” group Plants- make food Animals- consumers of food Today’s Modern Kingdoms 2 1

  24. Classification • Cladogram (Phylogenetic tree)- diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

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