FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT Lesson 1

1. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL/EXPLOSIVE DRIVERS COURSE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT Lesson 1

2. INTRODUCTION THIS COURSE IS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR DRIVERS OF NAVY AND MARINE CORPS VEHICLES ENGAGED IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ON OR OFF STATION.

3. REFERENCES • NAVSEA OP 3565 Vol II, Rev 15, dtd 01 Aug 06 • NAVSEA OP 5, Seventh Rev, Ch 5 dtd 01 Jun 06 • NAVSEA SWO20-AG-SAF-010, Rev 6, dtd 01 Jun 06 • NAVSEA SWO20-AF-HBK-010, Rev 4, dtd 01 Jun 06 • NAVSEA SWO20-AC-SAF-010, Rev 10, dtd 15 Sep 06 • NAVSEA SWO23-AG-WHM-010, Rev 3, dtd 01 Jun 06 • OPNAVINST 5530.13C • AirStaO P 11240.12D5 • NAVSEAINST 8020.18A, dtd 13 Apr 04 • 49 CFR • Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

4. NAVSEA OP 5, SEVENTH REVISION “The explosive safety policies of the Navy are directed at providing high quality ammunition in sufficient quantity to satisfy fleet and Marine Corps requirements in a safe manner. These policies emphasize safe and efficient operating procedures while: 1) Providing the maximum protection to personnel and property from the damaging effects of potential accidents involving Department of the Navy (DON) ammunition and explosives, (2) Limiting the exposure of a minimum number of persons, for a minimum time, to the minimum amount of ammunition and explosives consistent with safe and efficient operations. The purpose of this manual is to acquaint personnel with the characteristics and hazards of ammunition, explosives, and other related hazardous materials and to specify standardized safety regulations for all operations where ammunition and explosives are or are intended to be present….” Chapter 1, paragraph 1-1.

5. NAVSEA OP 3565 VOL II “ The purpose of this manual is to provide the precautions and procedures for safe handling, transporting, and storing of electrically initiated ordnance when the possibility of exposure to radio-frequency (RF) environments exists. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) is the program concerned with prevention of accidental ignition of electro explosive devices (EED’s) in ordnance due to RF electromagnetic fields. The ordnance EED’s may be accidentally initiated or their performance degraded by exposure to RF environments. In general, ordnance is most susceptible to RF environments during assembly, disassembly, handling, loading, and unloading”...

6. NAVSEA SW020-AG-SAF-010 “ The purpose of this manual is to inform Navy and Marine Corps traffic managers, both military and civilian, of the regulations and procedures regarding the safe handling and transportation of ammunition, explosives, and other hazardous materials (HM). “ It is the policy of the Department of the Navy to maintain a strict and effective explosives transportation safety program. This publication defines terms, describes responsibilities, discusses shipping and receiving requirements, procedures and documents, and provides guidance on firefighting and disposal of explosives.”

7. NAVSEA SW020-AF-HBK-010 The purpose of this manual is to provide Navy and Marine Corps explosives drivers and shipping inspectors (military, civilian, and contractor personnel) with the regulations governing the movement and inspection of ammunition, explosives and related hazardous materials (A&E) by military and commercial motor vehicles, railcar and MILVAN containers for inbound and outbound shipments. The regulations pertaining to these conveyances are either cited or referenced. Additional technical guidance for on station movement is presented in NAVSEA SW023-AG-WHM-010 (current revision). This manual supersedes NAVSEA SW020-AF-HBK-010, Third Revision dated 1 May 2004 and shall be distributed to all explosives drivers and shipping inspectors. Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 397, "Transportation of Hazardous Materials, Driving and Parking Rules" is provided in appendix D. All explosives drivers shall have a copy of chapters 5 and 9, appendix C, and SF-91 (figure 3-18) with them at all times when transporting A&E. These documents are found in an individual file on this CD-ROM entitled "Glove Box Edition of Driver’s and Inspector’s Manual."

8. NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 The purpose of this manual is intended to provide the most current data necessary for the safe storage and transportation of Navy and Marine Corps conventional ammunition, explosives, and related hazardous materials. Data is given on each explosive round or component, including its description, packaging details, requirements for international and domestic transportation, storage requirements, and any loading documentation available on the item.

9. NAVSEA SW023-AG-WHM-010 This technical manual describes the minimum requirements and regulations for transportation of ammunition and explosives on-station by motor vehicle and railcar at Department of the Navy (DON) shore activities. It may also be used as a technical base for other allied local documents such as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and Quality Assurance (QA) Plans. Based on the controlled on-station environment, which includes restricted speed limits for conveyances, less dense traffic patterns, trained and qualified vehicle operators, experienced crew members, etc., the blocking and bracing requirements of this manual are less stringent than the requirements for off-station shipments. It is only when these controlled conditions exist and are strictly adhered to that the relaxed blocking and bracing procedures detailed in this manual can safely be used. There is no intent to reduce safety, but rather only to minimize cost by recognizing the unique physical characteristics, operating environments, and trained, qualified and experienced personnel resources that exist on DON shore activities.

10. OPNAVINST 5530.13C (Navy Physical Security for AA&E) “ The purpose of this instruction prescribes standards and criteria for the physical security of conventional Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E), including non-nuclear missiles and rockets. This manual applies to all Department of the Navy owned AA&E, whether in the custody of Department of the Navy (DON) activities, contractors, or other. The intent of this instruction is to outline standards which will provide adequate protection against loss or theft of AA&E at DON activities and contractor facilities. The threat or characteristics of a particular region may necessitate supplementary measures. This instruction does not authorize methods or operations inconsistent with the explosive safety standards of Department of Defense instruction 6055.9

11. AirStaO P 11240.12D (SOP for Garrison Mobile Equipment) “ The purpose of this instruction is to give standard operating procedures for any garrison mobile equipment” Chapter 8, Para 8001, Page 8-5 deals with qualifications for explosive motor vehicle operators.

12. NAVSEAINST 8020.18A The purpose of this instruction is to issue policies, procedures, and guidance for the prevention of transportation accidents and the proper emergency response procedures to use when a transportation accident occurs involving Department of Defense (DOD) conventional munitions, explosives, and related hazardous materials. The instruction implements the polices established in reference (a) CFR 49, parts 172.600 through 606 and reference (b) DOD Directive 4500.9-R, Defense Transportation Regulation, Part II, Cargo Movement. This instruction establishes procedures for controlling and managing those risks and for mitigating the harmful affects of public exposure to hazardous materials in the event that an accident should occur.

13. EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK 2004 (ERG) The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2004) was developed jointly by the US Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico (SCT) for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving a hazardous material. It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in (1) quickly identifying the specific or generic classification of the materials) involved in the incident, and (2) protecting themselves and the general public during this initial response phase of the incident. The ERG is updated every three to four years to accommodate new products and technology.

14. WHY DO I NEED TO ATTEND THIS CLASS??

15. AIR STATION ORDER P11240.12D Paragraph 8001. QUALIFICATIONS FOR EXPLOSIVE MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS. “No person, military or civilian shall be permitted to operate a Government vehicle transporting ammunition or explosives or transport dangerous articles ( i.e. hazardous materials) unless the requirements as set forth in the SWO20-AF-HBK-010, are complied with and the operator has received instruction and explosive certification by an authorized agency. Operators qualified to transport dangerous cargo must possess a valid medical certificate (NAVMC form 10970) and a SF/OF-346 on which is noted “EXPLOSIVE DRIVER MUST HOLD CURRENT MEDICAL CERTIFICATE”

16. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS FROM 49 CFR PART 171.8 Hazardous Material / Substance: Means a substance or material that the Secretary of Transportation has determined is capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and has designated as hazardous under section 5103 of Federal hazardous materials transportation law (49 U.S.C. 5103)..

17. DEFINITIONS (con’t) Hazmat employee: Means a person who is employed by a hazmat employer and who in the course of employment directly affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term includes an owner-operator of a motor vehicle which transports hazardous material in commerce. This term includes an individual, including a self-employed individual, employed by a hazmat employer who, during the course of employment: (1) Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials;(2) Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums, or packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazardous materials;(3) Prepares hazardous materials for transportation;(4) Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials; or(5) Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials.

18. DEFINITIONS (con’t) Motor vehicle: Includes a vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer, or semi trailer, or any combination thereof, propelled or drawn by mechanical power and used upon the highways in the transportation of passengers or property. It does not include a vehicle, locomotive, or car operated exclusively on a rail or rails, or a trolley bus operated exclusively on a rail or rails, or a trolley bus operated by electric power derived from a fixed overhead wire, furnishing local passenger transportation similar to street-rail way service.

19. DEFINITIONS (con’t) Packing Group: Means a grouping according to the degree of danger presented by hazardous materials (there are three packing groups).Packing Group I indicates great danger; Packing Group II indicates medium danger ; Packing Group III indicates minor danger. Most of your hazardous materials will be assigned a packing group; to find out the packing group’s assigned to each hazardous material, see part 172.101 of the 49 CFR.Transport vehicle: Means a cargo-carrying vehicle such as an automobile, van, tractor, truck, semi-trailer, tank car, or rail car used for the transportation of cargo by any mode. Each cargo-carrying body (trailer, rail car, etc.) is a separate transport vehicle.

20. DEFINITIONS FOR CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES (A) Explosive: (from the 49 CFR, part 173.50). For the purpose of this subchapter, an explosive means any substance or article, including a device, which is designated to function by explosion ( I.e., an extremely rapid release of gas and heat ) or which, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion, unless the substance or article is otherwise classed under the provision of this subchapter.(B) Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions as follows:

21. DIVISION1.1 DEFINITION Division 1.1: Consists of explosives that have a mass detonation explosion hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously. These materials are considered to be mass-detonating hazards. When the item functions as designed, either intentionally or accidentally, damage is primarily caused by concussion or blast. Specific minimum distances are maintained between piles of these materials in order to minimize the possibility of sympathetic detonation.

22. DIVISION 1.2 SYMBOL Division 1.2: Consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. These materials are considered to be non-mass detonating fragment producing hazards. When the item functions as designed, either intentionally or accidentally, damage is primarily caused by fragment or blast, either individually or in combination, depending on storage configurations, type of packing and quantity. Specific minimum distances are maintained between piles of these materials in order to minimize the possibility of fragment damage or initiation. This hazard class will have explosion with fragments.

23. DIVISION 1.3 SYMBOL Division 1.3: Consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard. These materials are considered to be mass fire hazards. When the item functions as designed, either intentionally or accidentally, damage is primarily caused by heat or flames from vigorous burning that is very difficult, if not impossible to extinguish and has low order blast and fragment effects. Specific minimum distances are maintained between piles of these materials in order to minimize the possibility of propagation from fire.

24. DIVISION 1.4 SYMBOL Division 1.4: Consists of explosives that present a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package. These materials are considered to be moderate fire, with no blast hazard. When the item functions as designed, either intentionally or accidentally, damage is primarily caused by heat or flames from.

25. DIVISION 1.4 SYMBOL Division 1.4 (con’t): Vigorous burning that is very difficult if not impossible to extinguish. There may be minor fragments without a blast effect. Specific minimum distances are maintained between piles of these materials in order to minimize the possibility of propagation from fire.

26. DIVISION 1.5 DEFINITION Division 1.5: Consists of very insensitive explosives. This division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard, but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport.

27. DIVISION 1.6 DEFINITION Division 1.6: Consists of extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard. This division is comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

28. COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Ordnance is further broken down, and assigned a compatibility group for each ordnance item. A compatibility group accompanies the hazard class to complete the hazard classification designation. COMPATABILITY GROUP HAZARD CLASS/DIVISION

29. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Ammunition and explosives are assigned to a compatibility group when they can be stored and transported together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. There are 13 groups established for Ordnance (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, N &S). Considerations which are used in developing the compatibility groups include, but are not limited to: a. Chemical and physical properties b. Design characteristics c. Inner and outer packaging configuration d. Hazard classification e. Net explosive weight f. Rate of deterioration g. Sensitivity to initiation h. Effects of deflagration, explosion, or detonation

30. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Compatibility groups are described as follows: Group A: Primary explosive substance. Group B: Articles containing explosive substance and not containing two or more effective protective features. Examples of this are detonators, blasting caps, small arms primers, and fuzes without two or more safety features. Group C: Propellant explosive substances or other deflagrating explosive substance or articles containing such explosive substances. Examples are single, double, or triple-based, and composite propellants, rocket motors (solid propellant), and ammunition with inert projectiles, cartridge actuated devices (CADS).

31. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Group D: Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or articles containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge, or articles containing a primary explosive sub-stance and containing two or more effective protective features. Examples of Group D are: bulk TNT, bombs, projectiles, warheads, or fuses with two or more safety features; ( I.e: MN01 kits are classed under 1.1D). Group E: Articles containing explosive substance and not containing two or more effective protective features. Examples of Group E are: detonators, blasting caps, small arms primers, rockets, or guided missiles.

32. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Group F: Articles containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its means of initiation, with a propelling charge or without a propelling charge. Examples of Group F are: grenades. Group G: Pyrotechnic substance or article containing a pyrotechnic substance, or article containing both an explosive substance and an illuminating, incendiary, tear-producing or smoke- producing substance. Examples of Group G are: flares, signals, incendiary or illuminating ammunition, and other smoke and tear producing devices. Group H: Article containing both an explosive substance and WP (white phosphorus).

33. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Group J: Article containing both an explosive substance and a flammable liquid or gel. Examples of Group J are: liquid gel filled incendiary ammunition, fuel-air explosive (FAE) devices, and flammable liquid fueled missiles. Group K: Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent. Examples of Group K are: artillery or mortar ammunition, fused or unfused, grenades, and rockets or bombs filled with a lethal or incapacitating chemical agent. Group L: Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk needing isolation of each type. Examples of Group L are: prepackaged hypergolic liquid-fueled rocket engines, TPA, and damaged or suspect ammunition of any group.

34. DESCRIPTION OF COMPATIBILITY GROUPS Group N: Article containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances (EIDS). Examples of Group N are bombs and warheads. Group S: Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package. Examples of Group S are: rounds, explosive switches or valves.

35. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE RULE When transporting Ordnance or in storage, transportation compatibility requirements for Class 1 material are based on the compatibility group, NOT THE DIVISION!!!! Therefore, items within the same Division (I.e. 1.1 thru 1.6) cannot be transportedor stored together unless they are assigned the same compatibility group, or are a member of a compatibility group which is shown to be compatible. Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 give an accurate description of what ordnance items and/or hazardous materials, that can be loaded on and transported over public highways.

36. CLASS 2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

37. CLASS 2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 2 Hazardous Material consist of such items as: oxygen (compressed), Methane compressed or Natural Gas (compressed), Insecticide Gases, Helium (compressed), Chlorine,Aerosols- Flammable and Non-flammable, etc. Class 2 Hazardous Materials are subdivided into three groups: Division 2.1- Consists of Flammable items/flammable gases. Division 2.2- Consists of Non-flammable, non-poisonous compressed Gas. Division 2.3- Consists of Gas poisonous by inhalation.

38. CLASS 3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

39. CLASS 3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 3 Hazardous Materialsconsist of such items as Turpentine, Tar (including road asphalt), Petroleum oil, Pesticides-liquid which are Flammable, Methanol, Kerosene, Gasoline, Aviation fuel, Flammable Liquids, etc. Class 3 Hazardous Materials are subdivided into two groups: Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids. A Class 3 flammable Liquid is one that is having a flash point of not more than 60.5 C ( 141 F) . A combustible liquid will have a flash point above 60.5 C (141 F) and below 93 C ( 200 F).

40. CLASS 4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

41. CLASS 4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 4 Hazardous Materials consist of such items as:Zinc powder Or Zinc dust, Self-heating solids or liquids, Magnesium or Magnesium alloy, Lithium, Phosphorus-white dry, Water-reactive solids or liquids, Sodium, etc. Class 4 Hazardous Materials are subdivided into three groups: Division 4.1- Flammable Solids Division 4.2- Spontaneously Combustible Material- when the item is in contact with the air and without an energy supply, is liable to self Heat. Division 4.3- Dangerous when wet materials- meaning that when the item comes in contact with water, is liable to become spontaneously Flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas.

42. CLASS 5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

43. CLASS 5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 5 Hazardous Materials consist of such items as: Sodium nitrate, Sodium peroxide, Potassium nitrate, inorganic peroxides, Oxidizing Solids or liquids, Magnesium nitrate, Lead nitrate, Hydrogen Peroxide, etc. Class 5 Hazardous Materials are subdivided into two groups: Division 5.1- Oxidizers-means a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials. Division 5.2- Organic peroxides-means any organic compound containing oxygen and which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide.

44. CLASS 6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

45. CLASS 6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 6 Hazardous Materials consist of such items as: Toxic liquids or solids(organic, oxidizing, self-heating, or water-reactive), tear gas cartridges, pesticides (solid or liquid), benzyl chloride, etc. Class 6 Hazardous Materials are subdivided into two groups: Division 6.1- Poisonous material- Means a material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation. Division 6.2- Is classified under four different types: 1) as an infectious substance, 2) a diagnostic specimen, 3)a biological product, or 4) a regulated medical waste.

46. CLASS 7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

47. CLASS 7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 7 Hazardous Materials consist of such items as: Any radioactive material .There are three different labels used to identify radioactive materials, which are White I, Yellow II, or Yellow III. The type of label to use depends on the level of radiation. For most personnel, transporting radioactive material is generally considered to be very complicated and confusing. This is partially true because the requirements are divided between at least two agencies; which are the Department of Transportation and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. For further guidance on radioactive materials-see 49 CFR 177.842

48. CLASS 8 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

49. CLASS 8 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Class 8 Hazardous Materials consist of such items as: Acids (sulfuric, Nitrosylsulfuric, Nitric), mercury, lithium hydroxide, liquid dyes (corrosive), corrosive solids or liquids, etc. Hazard Class 8 materials are “corrosive materials”. “Corrosive materials are liquids or solids that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time or severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum…” 49 CFR 173.136

50. CLASS 9 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS