Ch. 23 Medicines and Drugs

1. Ch. 23 Medicines and Drugs All Medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines!

2. Medicines • Used to treat or prevent diseases • Preventative Medicines: • Vaccines- killed or weakened viruses that stimulate your body to produce antibodies to protect you from that disease. (Measles, Mumps, Chicken Pox, Polio) • Antitoxins- to neutralize the effects of toxins(poisons) such as tetanus and diptheria

3. Medicines • Pathogen Fighting Medicines Antibiotics- fight bacterial diseases, no effect on viruses Antivirals -help to lessen symptoms of viruses, but do not kill it Antifungals- fight fungal infections like athlete’s foot, yeast infections

4. Pain Relievers • Analgesic- pain relievers- range from aspirin to narcotics • Over the counter medicines- Advil, aspirin, Tylenol • Prescription- Narcotics- vicodin, norco, oxycontin- need a doctor’s written instructions and dispensed only by a pharmacist

5. Health Promoting Medicines • Allergy medicines- • Body regulating- insulin for diabetes • Antidepressants, antipsychotic- normalize chemicals in the brain • Cancer treatment- chemotherapy

6. Side EffectsReactions to medicines other than what was intended • Additive Interaction- medicines that work together in a positive way • Synergistic effect- Two or more medicines taken together that results in a greater effect than taken alone • Antagonistic Interaction- The effect of one medicine cancels or reduces the effect of another medicine- or gives a negative reaction, when taken together

7. Medicine Misuse • Giving your prescription medicine to another person • Taking too much or too little than prescribed • Using expired medicines • Mixing medicines without informing the doctor • Discontinuing use without informing the physician

8. Drug Use Vocabulary • Substance Abuse- Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes • Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell • Illicit Drug use- use or sale of and substance that is illegal

9. Influences • Peer Pressure • Family • Role models • Media • Perceptions- stereotypes- self-fullfilling prophecies

10. Consequences • Physical- overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking too much of a drug, body systems break down- liver, heart, brain & respiratory problems • Mental/Emotional- Brain damage, destruction of goals & dreams, depression, loss of value system • Social- School problems, family problems, legal problems, friend problems, societal costs

11. Drug Addicts

12. Addiction Signs • Tolerance- need more to achieve the same effect or sometimes any effect • Psychological dependence- A person believes he needs the drug to function • Physiological or Physical dependence- when a person experiences severe withdrawal symptoms after stopping use. • Withdrawal- symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chills, flashback, etc. that occur when detoxing • Addiction- a physical or psychological dependence on a drug- needing it to feel somewhat normal

13. TND Vocabulary • TRAP • T- Trial and Experimentation • R- Recreational Use • A- Abuse • P- Pinned down or addicted

14. Marijuana • Cannabis- a plant whose buds, leaves and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effect • Forms- smoked in a joint, edibles, hash • Active ingredient- THC • Hallucinogen and depressant • Raises dopamine level in the brain, thus the term DOPE

15. Marijuana Effects • Hallucinations, paranoia • Impaired short term memory, coordination • Slow reaction time • Dry mouth • Heart & lung damage • Weakened immune system • Increased risk of lung cancer- over 400 carcinogens • Increased appetite- weight gain • Hormonal changes leading to infertility, sterility

16. Slang Names • Mary Jane • Weed • Dope • Ganja • Reefer • MJ • Grass • Pot

17. Inhalants • Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled for intoxicating effects • Aerosols, glues, spray paints, gasoline • Hallucinogenic effects, depresses the Central Nervous System • Cardiac arrest, stopped breathing, sudden death, hallucinations

18. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids • Synthetic testosterone • Increased muscle mass • Impaired immune system • Fertility problems • Acne • “Roid” rage • Muscles can tear tendons off of bone • Females grow beards, males grow breasts

19. Psychoactive Drugs- Stimulants • Cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, crystal meth, nicotine • Speed the central nervous system • Euphoria- intense feeling of elation • Highly addictive • Heart and blood vessel damage • Paranoia • Damage brain cells

20. Psychoactive Drugs-Depressants • Depressants- Barbiturates, tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB, valium • Confusion • Memory loss Dizziness • Loss of consciousness • Date rape • Impaired breathing • Coma • Death

21. Psychoactive Drugs • Narcotics • Opium, Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, Norco, Oxycontin or Oxycodone • Pain relievers when used medicinally • Highly addictive • Confusion • Sedation • Unconsciousness • Coma • Respiratory distress • Increased risk of HIV and Hepatitis

22. Psychoactive Drugs • Hallucinogens- LSD, PCP, psyilocybin mushrooms, Ecstasy (MDMA), Ketamine • Delusions • Hallucinations • Paranoia • Depression • Memory Loss • Loss of inhibitions • Kidney and Heart failure • Panic • Aggression, violence

23. Famous Drug Addicts or Alcoholics • Kurt Cobain Mel Gibson • Eminem Charlie Sheen • Elvis Presley Jimi Hendrix • Michael Jackson Jim Morrison • John Belushi Janis Joplin • Amy Winehouse Heath Ledger • Rush Limbaugh Brittany Murphy • Ray Charles Betty Ford • Whitney Houston Robert Downey Jr • Lindsay Lohan Chris Farley • Brittney Spears River Phoenix