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GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Marijo Čukelj Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. Definition. prolonged reflux of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in esophagus, oral cavity and respiratory system chronic and relapsing condition

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GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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  1. GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Marijo Čukelj Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Definition • prolonged reflux of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in esophagus, oral cavity and respiratory system • chronic and relapsing condition • leads to esophagitis and other postinflammatory conditions of intestinal and respiratory mucosa

  3. Epidemiology • developed countries • epidemic proportions; present in 40% of healthy population • adults: male, over 40 • low mortality

  4. Pathophysiology • dysfunction of LES (lower esophageal sphincter) • barrier function: prevents reflux by mutual contraction with diaphragm • retains high pressure during gastric digestion

  5. Risk factors • prolonged gastric emptying • obesity • pregnancy • hiatal hernia • trauma • transient LES relaxation - nocturnal, postprandial

  6. Symptoms: HEARTBURN - retrosternal burning pain - may start in abdomen and extend up into the neck

  7. Other symptoms: • regurgitation - appearance of refluxed liquid in the oral cavity • globus syndrome • respiratory symptoms – atypical symptoms connected to asthma, hoarseness, hiccough • nausea - resulting in vomiting - uncommon symptom

  8. Complications: • chronic esophagitis erosive changes • strictures DYSPHAGIA • Barret’s esopgagus dysplasia adenocarcinoma

  9. clinical – evaluation of sypmtoms, excluding other possible causes (pectoral angina) endoscopic procedure: >esophagogastroscopy with biopsy pH metrics: 24-hour intraluminal monitoring Diagnosis:

  10. Lifestyle modification: Treatment - non medicament:

  11. Medications: • proton pump inhibitors • H2 antagonists • antacids • surgical and endocsopic procedures

  12. References: • Wikipedia • Vrhovac: Interna medicina • youtube:Understanding GERD (GERD #1

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