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Ecology

Ecology. The study of interactions between organisms and their environments. Biotic Factors. Bio = life Biotic factors – All living organisms in a biosphere Examples: Plants, Animals. Abiotic Factors. Nonliving factors in an environment Examples: Air currents Temperature Moisture Light

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and their environments.

  2. Biotic Factors • Bio = life • Biotic factors – All living organisms in a biosphere • Examples: Plants, Animals

  3. Abiotic Factors • Nonliving factors in an environment • Examples: • Air currents • Temperature • Moisture • Light • Soil

  4. Ecological Organization of Life Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms

  5. Organism Population • An individual form of life that is capable of carrying out the life processes. • A group of individuals of the same species is a population.

  6. Community Ecosystem • Populations of different species interact to form communities. • A community and its abiotic environment are an ecosystem

  7. Biosphere • The living organisms and their environment composing the biosphere.

  8. Feeding Relationships • Autotroph: An organism that synthesizes its energy from photosynthesis. • Heterotroph: An organism that cannot synthesize its own food. • Carnivores: Meat eaters • Omnivores: Meat and plant eaters • Herbivores: Plant eaters • Decomposers: Breakdown dead and decaying organisms.

  9. Trophic Relationships • Autotrophs • 1st level consumers (herbivores) • 2nd level consumers • 3rd level consumers • 4th level consumers (top predators)

  10. Food Chain The transfer of food energy from one organism to another in an ecological community. A food chain begins with a producer.

  11. Food WebA series of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem.

  12. RULE OF 10 • Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. • Example: • It takes 100 kgs of plant materials (producers) to support 10 kgs of herbivores • It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of 1st level predator

  13. Pyramid of Numbers

  14. Symbiosis = “Living Together”

  15. Examples of Parasitism (+/-)

  16. Examples of Mutualism (+/+)

  17. Commensalism (+/0)

  18. Water Cycle • Evaporation • Transpiration • Precipitation • Runoff • Groundwater

  19. Carbon Cycle • Combustion • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Decomposition • Fossil fuels

  20. Nitrogen Cycle • Atmospheric nitrogen • Runoff • Fertilizers • Decomposition • Nitrogen fixing • Synthesis of amino acids

  21. Niche vs. Habitat • The role and location of an organism within an ecological community. • The environment where a plant or animal lives.

  22. Biomes A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region. Biomes can be: Terrestrial Aquatic

  23. Biomes of the World

  24. Tropical Rain Forest

  25. Savanna

  26. Desert

  27. Grassland

  28. Deciduous Forest

  29. Tundra

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