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Revision tasks

Revision tasks. The heart and vascular system. The heart. Draw a quick diagram of the heart and label RA, RV, LA, LV, Septum, atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves What is the function of the valves (1) Pulmonary circulation is- carry deox away from heart and to the lungs

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Revision tasks

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  1. Revision tasks The heart and vascular system

  2. The heart • Draw a quick diagram of the heart and label • RA, RV, LA, LV, Septum, atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves • What is the function of the valves (1) • Pulmonary circulation is- carry deox away from heart and to the lungs • Systemic circulation is- carry ox blood away from the heart to the tissues

  3. Cardiac impulse and cardiac cycle- do you know what they are and can you describe what happens? • Cardiac impulse • MYOGENIC • SA NODE • AV NODE • BUNDLE OF HIS • PURKINJE FIBRES • Cardiac cycle • ATRIAL DIASTOLE • VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE • ATRIAL SYSTOLE • ATRIAL DIASTOLE Can you use this terminology to explain the cardiac impulse? Can you describe what happens during each phase?

  4. Cardiac dynamics – can you define and give values for (trained and untrained)- • Heart rate • Stroke volume • Cardiac output • Untrained at rest 80 x 70 = 5.6 lmin • Trained at rest 110 x 51 = 5.6 lmin • Untrained max ex 110 x 190 = 19.8 lmin • Trained max ex 190 x 200 = 38lmin • What is hypertrophy and bradycardia?

  5. What is the heart rates response to exercise? • Sketch a graph- label the axis!! • 2 lines for max and submax exercise

  6. Regulating HR- Can you describe the regulation of HR • CCC • NEURAL FACTORS- Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, proprioceptors • HORMONAL FACTORS- Noradrenalin, adrenaline • INTRINSIC FACTORS- Venous return, starlings law of the heart • Sympathetic- speed up HR • Parasympathetic – slow down HR

  7. Blood vessels- can you describe what each type of blood vessel does? • Arteries • Arterioles • Capillaries • Venules • Veins • Precapillary spincters

  8. Venous return- describe the factors which can help return blood to the heart • Gravity • Skeletal muscle pump • Respiratory pump • Valves • Venomotorconrol- veins have a limited ability to vasoconstrict and increase blood velocity • Vascular shunt describe this using the following terms- blood redistribution, muscles, organs, vasomotor control, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, precapillaryspincters

  9. Exam questions • How does blood transport oxygen? (2) • Identify 3 ways CO2 is transported in the blood (3) • Heart rate is regulated by hormonal, neural and intrinsic factors. How does the nervous system detect and respond to changes in HR during exercise (4) • What is meant by the term the venous return mechanism? (2) • What effect does an enhanced venous return have on cardiac output and stroke volume (3)

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