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Roman Republic

The First “Romans” . The Etruscans (800BC) Land North of Tiber River Marshy- lead to development of dam and tunnel system Crops Barley, millet, wheat, grapes, fruit, olives Iron tools Raised livestock for work. Roman Republic. The First Romans cont’d. Daily Life

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Roman Republic

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  1. The First “Romans” The Etruscans (800BC) Land North of Tiber River Marshy- lead to development of dam and tunnel system Crops Barley, millet, wheat, grapes, fruit, olives Iron tools Raised livestock for work Roman Republic

  2. The First Romans cont’d. Daily Life Enjoyed music, theater, dancing (favored the Gods), art Social Order (Upper, middle and Lower class) Religion Polytheistic (like the Greeks) Soothsayers (“priests” who delivered omens) Culture (adopted by later Romans) Arch Sewer system Forum Gladiator Games Language later modified into Latin

  3. Government Senate: WAS MADE UP OF 300 members, AND EACH HAD A life term SPQR:SenatusPopulusqueRomanus Judges, assemblies & tribunes: Protect Rights 12 Tables: 12 Granite carvings with basic laws foundation of Roman Law Applied to Patricians and Plebeians

  4. People Reformers Tiberius + Gaius Gracchus (The Gracchi) Favored the poor Limited land ownership by the rich and gave land to the poor Sold wheat cheaply Both were murdered (senate was behind the murders) Generals Gaius Marius Lower class family Opened army to anyone who wanted to join Pay, land, pension (retirement) Lucius Sulla Leader in Roman Civil war Doubled the size of the senate Limited the terms of generals

  5. Generals cont’d. Julius Caesar Triumvirate: 3 people with equal power Pompey, Caesar, Crassius Gained control of Gaul (France) Public Works Department Extended citizenship Gauls, Spanish & Greeks Adopted modern day calendar 12 months Jan-Dec Daughter Julia married Pompey Julia died and Caesar & Pompey’s friendship ended July named after Julius Caesar “Ides of March” March 15th 44 BC J.C. assassinated

  6. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage #1 264 BC Cause: Rome wanted control of S. Italy and Sicily (Land and Granaries) Rome: Army Carthage: Navy Rome created land war on water w/ invention of corvus: extension bridge on front of ships. Effect: Rome Wins & broadens borders

  7. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage #2 219 BC Cause: Carthage revenge Carthage attacks Roman allies Spain & Gaul Hanibal Barca: 35000 men and 37 elephants was supposed to beat Rome Rome Wins & counter attacks Carthage…wining again Effect: Rome gets money & land along N. Mediterranean rich in iron, lead, copper & gold

  8. 50 Years of Peace

  9. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage Effects of Punic Wars #3 149 BC Cause: Rome wanted to take care of Carthage once and for all! Rome destroyed crops fields (salt) and cities Effect: Rome gets all of Greece and Macedonia, controls Mediterranean Latifundias: large slave run estate farms owned by patricians Republic Publicans: “tax” collectors Corruption in gov’t Social Business, trade, farming decline Gap between rich & poor grew Cities Former farmers moved to poor areas of cities Rome had no real industry

  10. Summary Who were the first Romans and how did they contribute to the growth of Roman Culture? What was the main law making body of the Roman Government? What did the Romans call it? How did the 12 Tables shape Roman law? What did the Gracchi do for the lower class of Roman Citizens? Explain the Triumvirate. How did Rome gain so much territory by 149 BC? What technological advances did Rome make during the Punic Wars?

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