Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

1. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists APUSH

2. The Formative Years-1790s • Adopted new constitution, created the Bill of rights, political parties emerge, a new capital • Threats of civil war • Strong military and economy, a national bank, a standing army, industrial nation (Hamilton) • Agrarian society, no national bank, no standing army, and no strong centralized government (Jefferson) • Both sought the interests of the nation, but had different opinions on how to best achieve it

3. “If I could go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all” -Jefferson • Fear that political parties are a threat to enlightened government-no intention when the Constitution is framed to have political parties • Factors that contribute: • Washington, Adams, Hamilton: Fear that opponents want to destroy the Union, subvert morality and property rights, and ally the U.S. with France • Jefferson: Fear that Federalists are trying to create a monarchy, with a standing army, high taxes, and government subsidized monopoly

4. Defining the Presidency • Constitution is written permitting an executive branch, but uncertainty about how the position should be defined. • constitutional monarch who delegates or president who runs government himself • Relationship between the branches • Foreign policy

5. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Biggest problem for U.S.=financial • Huge debt • Paper money under Articles=worthless • No foreign credit available • Debt: • Hamilton’s solution: Federal Gov. assume the debt of all the states, pay it off by borrowing money at low interest rates • Problem: states, MD, PA, and NC, had paid off their debt and don’t want to pay taxes to the federal gov. to pay off other states debts. • Whiskey Rebellion • Solution: after 6 months of debate Jefferson and Madison reach an agreement: in exchange for southern support of deal the new capital would be placed on the Potomac (in the south)

6. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • The debt pay off was a success • Made them attractive to foreign investors • Capital pours into U.S. • Bank of the United States • Modeled after the Bank of England • Would collect taxes, hold government funds, make loans to the governments and borrowers • Opposition: Unconstitutional? • Passed-1791, for 20 years • Washington’s thoughts?

7. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Industrialization • High tariffs designed to protect the nation’s interest-end British manufacturing hold on U.S. • Opposition: Jefferson, thought that industrialization threatened agrarian society • Hamilton: focus on investment, commerce, and industry. Wants to move away from slave society-member of NY’s first anti-slavery society

8. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Jefferson’s vision triumphed • Painted Hamilton as an elitist and admirer of Britain • Portrayed himself as an advocate of republicanism, equality, and economic opportunity • Followed by farmers, craftsmen, small manufacturers, artisans-all begin to support a New Party-DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS

9. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

10. The Adams Presidency-1796-1800 The End of Federalist Supremacy

11. A poisoned Chalice? • 1796-the LAST federalist victory • WHY? • No “Washington glue” to hold together the parties • Hamilton still the “father of federalism” • Adams: uncertain, aloof, naive • Adams-71, Jefferson-68 electoral votes • President-Adams, Vice-President-Jefferson

12. X, Y, Z, Affair • French anger and U.S. and Great Britain over the Jay Treaty • French refuse to accept a U.S. diplomat • Adams avoids war, seeks discussion • Sends 3 diplomats to France • French demand a loan and a bribe to meet and discuss solution • U.S. refuses-Anti-French fervor peaks • Anti-Republican fervor peaks too!

13. Impact • “Quasi-War” with France • Department of the Navy is established-85 French ships captured • REAL end of French-U.S. relations after the Revolution • Federalists increase majority in Congress

14. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

15. Alien and Sedition Acts • Purpose: Silence Republicans for good! • Republicans=foreign influence=bad! • Acts • Citizenship requirement 4-15 years • President can jail/deport “undesirables” • Fine/Jail for seditious statements that threaten government • Attacks Republican Press • 1st Amendment Rights….Free Speech? • Adams Uncertain…unwilling…unsure

16. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic Republicans

17. Virginia and Kentucky Resolves • VA and KY (Jefferson and Madison) using Locke’s ideas • States are the Central government • They CAN declare acts VOID if they go beyond the powers delegated to Congress • No other states jump on the bandwagon • But hugely effective for Republicans • Puts the issue on the National stage

18. Lyon vs. Griswold (1798) • Battle in Congress "He in a trice struck Griswold thrice / Upon his head enraged, Sir; / Who seized the tongs to ease his wrongs, / And Griswold thus engaged, Sir."

19. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic-Republicans

20. Election of 1800-Mudslinging • Jefferson vs. Adams-AGAIN • Jefferson now has a POPULAR ISSUE to campaign on • Adams-perception • “King reincarnated” • “Limiter of Liberty”

21. Election of 1800 or the Revolution of 1800 • Best laid plans go wrong! • Most votes=President • Second most=V.P. • Electors vote for TWO people • SO….Dem-Rep. want to make sure that Burr gets the V.P. • BUT….electors make mistake! • Jefferson=73 • Burr=73

22. Election of 1800 • A FEDERALIST Congress has to decide the future REPUBLICAN President! • Hamilton votes…for Jefferson! • Burr=too risky, unreliable

23. Balance of Power Federalists Democratic Republicans

24. Election of 1800