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Go get papers from return tray! **Make up tests!** Please get notes sheet from side

Go get papers from return tray! **Make up tests!** Please get notes sheet from side NO SCHOOL THURS OR FRIDAY!. Objectives for Today: Explain why cells divide. THE CELLULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE. CHAPTER 9. Why Is Cell Reproduction Essential for Life?. #1) Maintain/Heal the Body

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Go get papers from return tray! **Make up tests!** Please get notes sheet from side

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  1. Go get papers from return tray! **Make up tests!** Please get notes sheet from side NO SCHOOL THURS OR FRIDAY!

  2. Objectives for Today: Explain why cells divide.

  3. THE CELLULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE CHAPTER 9

  4. Why Is Cell ReproductionEssential for Life? #1) Maintain/Heal the Body – TO REPLACE LOST OR DAMAGED CELLS Example: Every minute of the day we lose about 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin cells off the surface of our skin.

  5. Why Is Cell Reproduction Essential for Life? #2) GROWTH - Increase body size by increasing the number of cells in the body Your cells can only get so big. Why?

  6. Why Is Cell Reproduction Essential for Life? #3) REPRODUCTION = TO CREATE A COMPLETE NEW ORGANISM. 2 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION: a) ASEXUAL b) SEXUAL

  7. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION How Many Parents? • SINGLE PARENT • OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO EACH OTHER AND TO PARENT. • SEEN IN UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS AND SOME MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS SUCH AS PLANTS,FUNGI, AND SOME ANIMALS LIKE SPONGES AND STARFISH.

  8. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • 2 PARENTS • GENETIC MATERIAL (CARRIED IN EGG AND SPERM) FROM EACH PARENT COMBINES • EACH OFFSPRING IS GENETICALLY DIFFERENT FROM PARENTS • Egg and Sperm are produced through cell division

  9. REVIEW:WHY DO CELLS DIVIDE AND PRODUCE NEW CELLS? For Maintenance of the body (multicellular organisms) For Growth (multicellular organisms) For Reproduction (multi- and unicellular organisms)

  10. Assignments: Read Section 9.1 (pgs 180-181) Answer guided reading questions. Vocabulary for 9.4 Quiz on Wednesday!

  11. Please get out your homework from last night. QUIZ TOMORROW: Vocab and Why cell’s divide notes/reading Objectives for today: Explain and Describe the Cell Cycle

  12. Videos • Robert Wadlow Jr. World’s Tallest Man~! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N4bg1btzY4 • Skin Gun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXO_ApjKPaI

  13. The“CELL CYCLE” • STARTS WHEN A CELL IS “BORN” & ENDS WHEN IT REPRODUCES. • CELL CYCLE PRODUCES CELLS NEEDED FOR GROWTH & MAINTENANCE OF THE BODY

  14. The“CELL CYCLE” Cell is not dividing (Most of the time) Cell is dividing Nucleus divides first Cytoplasm divides last

  15. The“CELL CYCLE” • HAS 2 MAIN STAGES: • INTERPHASE • cell isn’t dividing • MITOTIC PHASE • cell is dividing

  16. INTERPHASE • WHAT IS IT? • WHAT HAPPENS DURING IT?

  17. INTERPHASE • LONGEST STAGE (90% OF THE CELL CYCLE) • THE CELL GROWS & PERFORMS ITS JOB AS A CELL

  18. INTERPHASE • IN THIS STAGE DNA EXISTS AS A MASS OF VERY LONG THIN FIBERS CALLED _________________. CHROMATIN

  19. INTERPHASE • CELL ALSO PREPARES TO REPRODUCE (CELL DIVISION) BY INCREASING ITS NUMBER OF ORGANELLES & BY MAKING COPIES OF ALL ITS _____________. DNA muy importante!!! • EACH DNA STRAND IS COPIED & THE 2 COPIES ARE • JOINED AT ONE SPOT CALLED THE __________________. CENTROMERE

  20. DNA IN CHROMATIN FORM

  21. What Happens Next?! • After the cell has made all its preparations, then it divides! • On to the Mitotic Phase!!

  22. MITOTIC PHASE • SHORTEST STAGE of the CELL CYCLE • THIS IS WHERE 1CELL DIVIDESINTO2 CELLS • OCCURS IN 2 STEPS: 1) MITOSIS 2) CYTOKINESIS

  23. MITOSIS • All about the Nucleus! • In this stage the nucleus divides into 2 and the chromosomes are evenly divided up. • Each daughter nucleus • receives a complete • set of chromosomes

  24. MITOSIS SISTER CHROMATIDS • ALL THE DUPLICATED CHROMATIN FIBERS NOW COIL UP (GET SHORTER & THICKER) & ARE CALLED ____________________. • EACH CHROMOSOME IS MADE UP OF 2 IDENTICAL HALVES CALLED ______________ . CHROMOSOMES SISTER CHROMATIDS

  25. MITOSIS • The SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE & GO TO OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL FORMING 2 NEW “DAUGHTER” NUCLEI

  26. CYTOKINESIS • The CYTOPLASM DIVIDES BETWEEN THE 2 NEW “DAUGHTER” NUCLEI FORMING 2 NEW CELLS

  27. The“CELL CYCLE” Cell is not dividing (Most of the time) Cell is dividing MITOTIC PHASE INTERPHASE Nucleus divides first Cytoplasm divides last MITOSIS CYTO- KINESIS

  28. Name the Structure! Centromere ? ? ? Centromere ? ? ? Chromosomes SISTER CHROMATIDS ?

  29. Homework tonight: Study for Quiz

  30. 2nd and 3rd hour—You will be testing Thursday! Mitosis Quiz Friday! Pass back Cell Respiration Quests

  31. Objectives for today: Trace the path of the cell cycle!

  32. ______________ =series of events that cells go through as they grow and develop CELL CYCLE

  33. CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE – non-dividing phase G1- Grow bigger Cell is “doing its job” DNA is spread out as chromatin S - Synthesis (copy DNA) & chromosomal proteins G2- Grow bigger, make organelles & molecules needed for cell division

  34. CELL DIVISION MITOSIS – Nuclear division Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides G0 – cell stops dividing (Ex: nerve cell)

  35. In between divisionsCells are in this phase most of the time Can see nucleus DNA spread out as chromatin Can’t see chromosomes DNA gets copied (S) Cell gets ready to divide INTERPHASE (G1 - S - G2)

  36. Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PROPHASE 1st dividing phase http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/102/lectures/08mit&veg102.html DNA scrunches into chromosomes Centrioles appear in centrosome region & move to poles Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes

  37. CENTROSOME ________ region organizes spindle Spindle MICROTUBULES are part of cytoskeleton http://www.coleharbourhigh.ednet.ns.ca/library/organelle_worksheet.htm

  38. Chromosomes line up in ___________ METAPHASE middle Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

  39. Centromeres splitCentrioles pull chromatids_______ ANAPHASE apart Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

  40. two See ______ nuclei Nuclear membrane & nucleolus return TELOPHASE (reverse prophase steps) Chromosomes spread out as chromatin Centrioles disappear Spindle fibers disappear Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/cnewton/Biology%2011/Mitosis.html

  41. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells ANIMAL CELLS pinch cytoplasm in two with a ______________________ CLEAVAGE FURROW

  42. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells PLANT CELLS can’t pinch because they have a sturdy ____________ Plant cells separate cytoplasm by growing a _______________ down the middle. CELL WALL CELL PLATE http://www.eastcentral.edu/acad/depts/BI/plant_mitosis_nolabels.html

  43. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  44. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  45. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  46. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  47. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  48. Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

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