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Diaspora Knowledge Networks

Diaspora Knowledge Networks. Abdul Waheed Khan UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information.

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Diaspora Knowledge Networks

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  1. Diaspora Knowledge Networks Abdul Waheed Khan UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information

  2. “The world has moved to a revolution which is built on knowledge, on technology and on information… knowledge, if it is properly transferred, if it is made available to all, gives the greatest opportunity for people to advance themselves and to fight against poverty.” Paul Wolfowitz, World Bank President

  3. “The fundamental cure for poverty is not money but knowledge.” Sir W. Arthur Lewis

  4. “The elimination of ignorance, of illiteracy and the needless inequalities of opportunities are objectives that are valued for their own sake.” Amartya Sen

  5. Triggered by both globalization and technology advances Globalization relates to a number of economic reform trends including liberalization, privatization and decentralization Technology is the mover in the age of globalization, especially the Internet, and its WWW The Knowledge Revolution

  6. Increased demand for « Knowledge » and the evolution from an agricultural to an industrial to a knowledge society Globalization dictates stronger competition and the need for better skills attained through modern educational offerings Education as a commodity and trans-border flow of knowledge as the technology eliminates the classic barriers of time and space The Knowledge Revolution

  7. Demographic change Social change Educational Technological Change Political Change Economic change change Cultural Change Wheel of Change

  8. Linkage of Knowledge to Development Human Capitals and Productivity Macro Economic Growth and Development Family Health and Nutrition Reduced Poverty Knowledge Personal Development Societal Development

  9. Knowledge Divide or Digital Divide A World of Contrasts Access to knowledgeand information Prosperity Globalization Inclusion Limited access to knowledge and information Poverty Marginalization Exclusion

  10. Knowledge Societies

  11. Freedom of Expression Universal Access to Information and Knowledge Respect for Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Quality Education for All endorsed at WSIS Principles of Knowledge Societies

  12. Democratic, political set up and political stability Vast infrastructure for training IT professionals Highly trained IT professionals Extensive use of English language Growing IT infrastructure Well developed IT industry Indigenous information and communication technologies Strong learning tradition Rich Indian knowledge diaspora India’s Place in the Knowledge Era

  13. 19th centuryForced migration to colonies (Mauritius, British Guyana, West Indies, Fiji, East Africa, etc) 1 August 1834Act of Emancipation passed, freeing slaves in colonies Partition of IndiaHigh migration to Pakistan 1947 to presentHigh migration to developed countries Indian Diaspora

  14. Indian Diaspora • Indian Diaspora: 20 Million people • 2nd largest diaspora in the world • 48 countries overseas with more than 10.000 Indians • Biggest communities in the following countries: Source: Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs

  15. “Indians abroad have not only been successful in many walks of life, but have also been a source of inspiration for their brethren back home.” Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, President of India

  16. Brain drain Migration of skilled and educated human resources from developing to developed nations Brain gain Expatriate skilled population as potential asset, not loss Transfer of expertise/skills of expatriates back to home Country of origin and country of adoption have access to knowledge and expertise of expatriate From Brain Drain to Brain Gain

  17. Grassroots actions of expatriats in need of institutional support Institutional action in need of grassroots support ICTs can help to overcome these problems From Brain Drain to Brain Gain

  18. Non-territorialized entities Defining, maintaining, activating and reproducing their identity through collective exchange and interactions Require high quality communication systems Diaspora networks are fragile social constructs Risk of diaspora’s detachment from home country because of stronger links between diasporas themselves Diaspora Networks

  19. Use of ICTs to consolidate and reinforce socio-cognitive processes underlying collective practices Potential of computer-mediated communications for new forms of interactions between diaspora members in host and home countries ICT and Diaspora Networks

  20. Diasporas, Development and ICT Consolidate socio-cognitive dynamics of interactions Fragile, Bottom-Up Social Constructs Diaspora Collective Practice Non-territorializedEntities Human Resources for Development Consolidate technological base of computer–mediated communications Consolidate diaspora participation in the co-development process

  21. Education Exchange programmes for students and academic professionals Establish grants for academic exchange Partnerships between universities Cooperations in research projects Development through Knowledge Networks

  22. Science Knowledge/Publications exchange Interface with Non-Resident Indians in Science and Technology (INRIST) “Science and Technology Professionals of Indian Diaspora” platform by India’s Ministry of Science & Technology Development through Knowledge Networks

  23. Development through Knowledge Networks • Culture • Export Indian culture through entertainment products • Cultural bonding through Sister City Relationships

  24. Economy Promotion of Indian products in country of adoption Supply of useful insight into market penetration strategies by professionals abroad Development of Knowledge services Direct contribution of expatriates to Indian economy through FDI and remittances Development through Knowledge Networks

  25. Health Coordination of Indian health professionals’ volunteer services and donations to enhance Indian health-care Establishment of cooperations between hospitals in India and developed countries Medical education through professionals abroad Development through Knowledge Networks

  26. Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals (TOKTEN) Global UNDP mechanism for mobilizing expatriates to undertake short-term consultancies in their countries of origin Contributes to reducing "brain-drain" at relatively low cost and speed of implementation Based on spirit of volunteerism  Example: TOKTEN

  27. Set up information networks to assist in Collectivizing and sharing knowledge Detecting new and emerging conceptual relationships Mobilizing human resources for home country development Building confidence among diaspora Support research on Diaspora Knowledge Networks Recommendations

  28. In order to convert brain drain into brain gain, there is a strong need to articulate and coordinate bottom-up grassroots actions with top-down institutional policies Conclusion

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