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New Deal Chapter 15

http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm. New Deal Chapter 15. http://newdeal.feri.org/library/w76.htm. http://newdeal.feri.org/library/ab22.htm.

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New Deal Chapter 15

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  1. http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfmhttp://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm New DealChapter 15 http://newdeal.feri.org/library/w76.htm http://newdeal.feri.org/library/ab22.htm Section 1 – The New Deal Fights the Depression Section 2 – The 2nd New Deal Takes Hold Section 3 – The New Deal Affects Many Groups Section 4 – Culture in the 1930’s Section 5 – The Impact of the New Deal http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/new_deal_for_the_arts/work_pays_america.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/new_deal_for_the_arts/work_pays_america.html http://newdeal.feri.org/library/c10.htm http://newdeal.feri.org/library/ad40.htm http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/new_deal_for_the_arts/work_pays_america.html http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail362.html

  2. America is Ready for a Change Election 1932 • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Democratic Candidate • Herbert Hoover • Republican Incumbent http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover

  3. Roosevelt Has A Long History in Government • Distant Cousin to Theodore Roosevelt • Assistant Sec. of Navy in the Wilson Adm. • Vice Presidential Candidate with Cox in 1920 • Governor of New York • Good Record Concerning the Depression • One of the 1st Governors to support direct relief by the states and unemployment insurance

  4. Roosevelt’s Platform • New Deal for the American People • Relief for the Needy • Old Age and Unemployment Insurance • Federal Relief • Economic Recovery • Crop Controls • Lower Tariffs • Government and Business Work Together • Financial Reform • Stock Market Regulation

  5. No Contest Hoover Flags Hoover Blankets • Hoover addresses a large crowd in his 1932 campaign. • Hoover’s image was very bad and during the campaign he constantly had to defend his record. Hoovervilles

  6. Election of 1932 http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail348.html

  7. Lame Duck Presidency“An Unfortunate Wait” • It would be 4 months before FDR would take office. • Why? • In that time there was an assassination attempt made on FDR. http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm

  8. 20th Amendment • Known as the “Lame Duck Amendment” • February 1933 • Changes dates for Congress and Presidential Inauguration • Congress goes from March 4 to January 3 • President goes from March 4 to January 20

  9. FDR Takes Office Listen to FDR Address the Nation: http://www.authentichistory.com/1930s/history/01.html http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm

  10. 1st Hundred Days Listen to Roosevelt’s Speech: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461568939_761577020_-1_1/franklin_roosevelt%E2%80%99s_new_deal.html • Roosevelt sets to work immediately and calls for a special session of Congress for March 9th. • FDR and Congress will keep their nose to the grindstone to try to do something for everyone. http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm

  11. 1st Hundred Days • Banking • Stock Market • Unemployment • Public Works • Agriculture • Industry Reform and Help For: http://712educators.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=7&f=20&su=p897.4.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=0&st=16&zu=http%3A//nieonline.com/aaec/cftc.cfm

  12. Americans Panic • In the months before FDR took office many banks had taken “Bank Holidays” to save their banks. This caused “Runs” on banks and widespread panic, as well as a lack of confidence in America’s banking system. • People began to withdraw any money they had in gold and hoard it at home.

  13. Banking Reform • FDR declares a “National Bank Holiday from March 6-9. • Stops export of all gold, silver, and currency • March 9 FDR pushed congress to pass the following act to help banks. (It took 40 minutes.) • Emergency Banking Relief Act

  14. Emergency Banking Relief Act • 1. Gave the President power over banking • 2. Established to help reorganize banking • Banks were divided into catagories • 1st – Banks with 90% of all money, about ½ of all banks were reopened on March 15th • 2nd – Weaker banks could only pay out some money to account holders • 3rd – Weakest banks to survive couldn’t pay out to account holders but could only take deposits • 4th – 1000 small banks were closed

  15. Economy Act • March 10 • Balance the Budget • Cut salaries of government employees • Cut pensions and allowances to veterans (later rescinded) • Reorganization of Government

  16. Fireside Chats • March 12 • FDR gives his 1st “Fireside Chat” to explain the banking act and calm the public. Listen to FDR Address the Nation: http://www.authentichistory.com/1930s/history/01.html

  17. New Deal Programs http://www.oconee.k12.sc.us/whs2/MJENSEN/www.jensen/100dayscart.htm http://www.authentichistory.com/1930s/fdr/images01.html

  18. Federal Securities Act • Gives the Federal Trade Commission the power to police all new stocks and bonds • Required that new stock be accompanied by certain information • FTC could police the Stockbrokers • May 1933 http://www.ftc.gov/

  19. Securities and Exchange ActJune 1934 • Set up to regulate trading in securities in the stock market • Set up the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Gave it the power to license securities exchanges – places where stocks and bonds are bought and sold • Gave the Federal Reserve Board the power to regulate the money supply used to finance the trading of securities • Control the “Margin Requirement” – amount of money an investor must put up when making a purchase • Higher margin requirements cuts down on speculation • Prevent people with inside information about companies from “rigging” the stock market for their own profit – called “Insider Trading” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission

  20. Communications Act • Sets up the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) • Regulates radio, telegraph, and cable communication both interstate and foreign http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission

  21. Glass-Steagall Act1933 • Removed banks from investments business • Restricted the use of banking funds for speculation • Created the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) • Guaranteed individual bank deposits under $5,000 • Today it is guaranteed up to $250,000 (2011). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation

  22. Agricultural Adjustment Act • Reduce Production to Raise Crop Prices • Pay farmers to leave a certain amount of land unseeded. • Some crops were already to developed so the government paid farmers to destroy crops • Paid hog farmers to kill hogs • Finance payments to farmers by taxing people who process farm products http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blygd9.htm

  23. Criticism of the AAA • Destruction of crops and livestock while people are going hungry • Benefit Big Landowners and Not Small Farmers Farmers receiving AAA payments in 1939. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1639.html

  24. Tennessee Valley Authority • Development of the Tennessee Valley with a systems of dams • Hydroelectric Power • Flood Control • Erosion Control • Distribution and Production of Fertilizer • Recreational Areas • Employment • Impacts a 7 State Area • See page 520 http://www.authentichistory.com/1930s/fdr/newdealbackground.html

  25. Civilian Conservation Corps • March 1933 • CCC provides unemployment relief • 1st of the relief agencies • Organized under the Dept. of Labor, Forestry Office, and the Army A CCC pillowcase on display at the CCC Museum in Michigan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps

  26. CCC • Recruited unemployed young men between 18-25 for work in • Forests for fire towers and fire control • Farm country for soil conservation • River valleys for flood control by building levies and dams • Road building and parks and recreation maintenance • Paid $30 month of which the men kept $5 and $25 was sent home to family • By 1941 – 2.5 million young men had served

  27. CCC In Action Planting Crops Clearing Land Fighting Fire

  28. Federal Emergency Relief Adm. • FERA created in May 1933 • Harry Hopkins – Administrator • Initial Appropriation of 500 million • Provides Grants to states for unemployment relief. • Federal Funds $1 for $3 from the states • Didn’t immediately meet the needs of the unemployed so a temporary administration was created to help unemployed workers. • Civil Works Administration

  29. Civil Works AdministrationCWA • Created public jobs to help the unemployed during the winter of 1933-1934. • Most were unskilled workers and the jobs were simple. • Raking leaves • Picking up trash • Sweeping streets • Road maintenance • 4 million people employed • Built 40,000 schools • Paid 50,000 teachers • Critics felt it was just make-work and a waste of money

  30. National Industrial Recovery Act • Created June 1933 • Harold Ickes – Administrator and Sec. of the Interior • National Recovery Administration (NRA) • Set codes of fair practice, working conditions, wages, and work hours • Promised labor rights to organize and bargain collectively • Symbol is the Blue Eagle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act

  31. Public Works Administration • Construction of public buildings, schools, dams, bridges, roads, hospitals, airports, etc. • Critics felt it was just make-work and a waste of money http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USARickes.htm

  32. Help for Housing Needs • Home Owners Loan Corporation • Provide government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure • National Housing Act • Created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) • Continues today to provide loans for home mortgages and repairs

  33. The Supreme Court Reacts • Court strikes down the NIRA • NIRA had given too much power to the executive branch • Codes governed Intrastate commerce and Congress can only oversee Interstate commerce • Court strikes down the AAA • Processing tax was unconstitutional because it was taxing one specific group to benefit another

  34. Roosevelt vs. the Supreme Court • Supreme Court consists of ? Members. • Nine • Serve for Life • 4 justices usually voted for New Deal Programs • 4 justices were very conservative and voted against New Deal Legislation • 1 justice often voted with the conservatives

  35. FDR’s Plan to Reorganize the Court • Arguments • Nine men were too old to keep up with the case load • Plan • FDR would appoint 1 justice for each one who failed to retire at the age of 70 • # of Justices would increase from 9 to 15

  36. Political Mis-step for Roosevelt • Critics Say • President is trying to stack the court with liberal judges who will support the New Deal • It would give the President too much power and take away the independence of the Supreme Court • It would go against the theory of Constitutional Government

  37. Court Packing Bill Fails • One justice retires allowing FDR to appoint a liberal judge • Court proved they were not behind • Court softened its position on other New Deal Programs and upheld them WHY? • May have adopted a more liberal stance to save itself • OR the bills coming before the court were better constructed than those in the earlier years • Main supporter of the bill in Congress died

  38. Packing the Supreme Court http://www.authentichistory.com/1930s/cartoons/FDR_courtpacking.html http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/presidents.html http://www.oconee.k12.sc.us/whs2/MJENSEN/www.jensen/valentinecartoon.htm

  39. New Deal Critics http://hti.osu.edu/opper/display.cfm?id=26 http://hti.osu.edu/opper/hti_imgzoom.cfm?backpage=display.cfm?id=26&id=135 http://hti.osu.edu/opper/hti_imgzoom.cfm?backpage=display.cfm?id=26&id=139

  40. Critics of the New Deal • Conservatives • American Liberty League (the Far Right) • Apposed to Government intervention in Business and the Economy • Fascists • Fascism – political philosophy that holds the individual 2nd to nation and race • Advocates government by dictatorship • Private ownership of land and capital but economic activity is controlled strictly by the state • Doesn’t think the New Deal goes far enough in controlling the economy • Fascism on the rise in Europe with Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany • Liberals • Communists • Communist don’t like FDR helping the poor because then they won’t want to overthrow capitalism

  41. http://www.hueylong.com/ Huey P. Long • Senator and Governor of Louisiana • “Kingfish” nickname taken from the Amos and Andy Radio Show • Long was very corrupt • Worked his way up the political ladder • Had is eye on the Presidency in 1936 / 1940 • “Share Our Wealth Plan” • Promised “Every Man A King” who would own a house, a car and a radio • Guarantee every family a minimum annual income of $5,000 • Pay for the plan by taxing the income, property, and inheritance of the wealthy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huey_Long

  42. Dr. Francis Townsend • Townsend Plan (a.k.a. Old Age Revolving Pension Plan) • Federal monthly pension of $200 to people over 60, but they must spend the full amount each month. • Keep money in circulation • Help the older people • Tax on Commercial Transactions Townsend supporters rally in Columbus, Kansas in May 1936.Library of Congress Photo, LC-USF34-004168-E DLC http://www.ssa.gov/history/towns5.html

  43. Father CoughlinThe Radio Priest • Radio station called “The Shrine of the Little Flower” • At first he supported FDR, but broke away when he felt Roosevelt wasn’t controlling big business enough. • National Union of Social Justice • For Social Reform • Supported Silver Inflation • Against • Bankers • Jews • Communists • Labor Unions • New Deal • Appealed to Populist in the Midwest and Irish Catholics in the large cities • Audience of 40-45 million http://www.fathercoughlin.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Coughlin

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