Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction)

1. Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Hydrolysis Is how larger molecules are Is how larger molecules are • Removing water • Polymers • Monomers • Adding water • Built up • Broken down • Starch glucose+ glucose+ glucose • Glucose + fructose  sucrose. Built Up Broken Down by by Removing Water Adding Water So bonds can be made between So bonds in monomers Polymers Are broken down into To build up Polymers Monomers for example For example Glucose + fructose  Sucrose Starch Glucose+ glucose+ glucose

2. Carbohydrates Foods Used for Pasta Fruit Milk Short Term Energy Different levels of complexity Means 1 sugar Means 2 sugars Means many sugar Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide examples examples examples Fructose Lactose Glucose Sucrose Maltose Galactose Starch Cellulose Glycogen Chitin Found in arthropods for Found in plants for Found in plants for Found in animals for Exoskeleton Glucose Storage Cellulose Glucose Storage • Glucose • Lactose • 1:2:1 • Pasta • Structure • Energy • Galactose • Fruit • Glycogen • Sugar • Starch • Sucrose • Cellulose • Disaccharide • Cell wall • Polysaccharide • chitin • Short term energy storage • Fructose • Exoskeleton • Monosaccharide • Milk

3. Are used for foods Lipids 1. Avacado 2.Butter 3. 1. Long Term Energy Storage 2. Insulation 3.Protection 4.Chemical Signals All lipids are Hydrophobic (Which means they do not mix with water) 4groups or classes of lipids are Triglyceride Steriods Phospholipid Bilayer Waxes Made of have 4 fused rings and makes up Goes towards the inside away from water Used for Glycerol and 3 fatty acids Protection Hormones Cholesterol Which can be Hydrophobic Unsaturated Saturated Examples Component of Cell Membrane Hydrophilic Testosterone Liquid at room temp and contains Solid at room temp, and contains If there is too much it can lead to Goes towards the outside toward water Estrogen Double Bonds Single Bonds Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart attack) Examples Oils Fats

4. Lipid word bank: • Oils • Triglyceride • Hydrophobic • Steroids • Cholesterol • Insulation • Cell membranes • Protection • Testosterone • Unsaturated • Butter • Waxes • Fatty acids • Estrogen • Saturated • Long term energy storage • Hormones • Component of cell membrane • fats • Avacado • Phospholipids Bilayer • Glycerol • No double bonds between the carbons • Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart Disease) • Hydrophobic Tails • At least one double bond between the carbons • Cell membrane • Hydrophilic Head • Chemical Signals

5. Foods Shape of protein determines Proteins 1. Meat 2.Eggs 3.Dairy 4. Beans Function Used for 1. Structure 2. Hormones 3. Enzymes When the shape changes it is called Made up of Denaturation Amino Acids Which can be caused by Which have the following chemical structure(draw) 1. pH 2. Temperature Organized into 4 levels of structure Build up by forming Peptide Bonds 1° Order of Amino Acids To make polypeptides which can then form The “R” group is the variable side group 2° Folding of Amino Acids Protein Determines how the protein will fold 3° Folding 3D 4° More than one Polypeptide

6. Word bank for proteins: • Peptide bonds • 20 amino acids • Proteins • Meat • Hormones (chemical signals) • Denature • Folding of amino acids (alpha helix and beta sheets) • pH • Folding into 3D structure to get function • Structure (hair and nails) • Dairy • Eggs • Beans • More than one polypetide chain • Function • Temperature • Enzymes • Order of amino acids • Determines how the protein will fold

7. Test for Organic Molecules Use indicators To Test for Lipids Carbohydrates Protein Mixed with On paper it will Waxy Buriet Glucose Starch Positive results Negative results Mixed with Mixed with Benedicts Iodine Purple Stays Blue Sudan Red Negative results + Positive results it will Stays yellow or light orange Heat Dark Purple/ Black Spotted • Word Bank • Biuret Solution • Heat for 5 min • Orange • Proteins • Stain red • Make it look waxy • Purple • brown Positive results Negative results • Blue • Benedict’s Solution • Starch • Simple monosaccharaides • Iodine • Blue/black • Lipids • Sudan Red Orange Stays Blue

8. Enzymes ( NOT ON OUR TEST) Are made of Effected by It works by They function as What the enzyme binds Causes In binds in the area called the To Leads to • Protein • Temperature • substrate • pH • Catalyst • Speed up a reaction • Active site • Denaturation • Loss of function • Reduce activation energy