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Republic of Rwanda

Republic of Rwanda. Aspen Makkar Brianna A. Richards Social Justice Block B April 2010. Maps. East-central Africa surrounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Burundi. History. Became a part of German controlled East Africa (1890)

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Republic of Rwanda

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  1. Republic of Rwanda Aspen Makkar Brianna A. Richards Social Justice Block B April 2010

  2. Maps East-central Africa surrounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Burundi

  3. History • Became a part of German controlled East Africa (1890) • After WWI Rwanda became a Belgian League of Nations Mandate with Burundi, called “Ruanda-Urundi” (1918) • Ethnic identity cards to separate the Tutsi and Hutus (1926) • PARMEHUTU (Party for the Emancipation of the Hutus) is formed (1957) • Hutus rebel against Belgian control and Tutsi flee to Burundi • Ruanda became the independent nation of Rwanda (July 1, 1962) • Civil War and massacres commence • Populations as of 2008 – 9,720,694

  4. Native Cultures • Tutsi – 9% of population • Considered superior and advanced race by Westerners • Tall, thin, light-skin complexion • Hutu – 90% of population • Generally dark-skin complexion, short, stocky • Twa – 1% of population (Pygmies) • Same language and religions • Traditional music and dance • Differences are based on colonial separation, appearance, political views and social standing

  5. Government • Republic (Parliamentary) • Current President – Paul Kagame • Elected in 2003 (seven year terms) • 2007 Budget • $31.7 billion Francs ($29 million USD) • Revenue - $28 million • Expenditures - $29 million

  6. Life in Rwanda Distribution of Wealth Class System The Belgians instituted ethnic identity cards in 1926 Racial discriminated was born through imperialism Led to genocide • Almost 90% of pop. live on less than $2 USD per day • Half of pop. live on less than $1 USD • $65.3 % of pop. lived below poverty line in 1998

  7. Economy • Devastated by the war • Most of population are farmers • Government is nation’s main employer • Major Exports • Coffee & tea • Tin cassiterite, Wolfframite, pyrethrum • Markets – China, Belgium, Germany • Imports • Suppliers – Kenya, Germany, Belgium, France, Uganda, Israel

  8. Gross Domestic Product • $3.4 billion USD (2008) • Real Growth rate: 11.2% • Agriculture – 40% • Industry – 13.5% • Services – 42.7% (2007) • Trade (2007) • Exports - $145 million • Imports - $488 million

  9. 1996 • Humanitarian Assistance • More than $307.4 million • Initially for relief efforts and refugee camps • Shifted to aid reconstruction and development • Foreign as of 1996 was over $500 million per year • Rwanda is less dependent upon financial aid now than in the late 90s

  10. Work Cited • http://www.cotf/edu/exe/modules/mgorilla/mgethnic.html • http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/focus/tutsi.html • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/etc/cron.html • http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm

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