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Special Senses

Special Senses. By James lowery Skylar Furtado Elizabeth Crowder. Anatomy of the ear. . . The external ear. It is composed of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus. Auricle(Pinna): A shell-shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening.

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Special Senses

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  1. Special Senses By James lowerySkylar Furtado Elizabeth Crowder

  2. Anatomy of the ear

  3. . .

  4. The external ear

  5. It is composed of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus. • Auricle(Pinna): A shell-shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening. • External Acoustic Meatus: short, narrow chamber carved into the temporal bone of the ear. • Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen or earwax. • Earwax provides a sticky trap for foreign bodies and repels insects.

  6. When sound hits the tympanic membrane or eardrum it begins to vibrate, causing sound.

  7. Middle ear

  8. The tympanic cavity (middle ear) is a small air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity within the temporal bone. • It is between the eardrum and a bony wall with two openings, the oval window and round window. • The pharyngotympanic tube links the middle ear and the throat. 1. Normally it is flattened and closed

  9. 2. Swallowing or yawning can open it briefly to equalize the pressure in the middle ear cavity with the external, or atmospheric pressure. • This function is very important because the eardrum does not vibrate freely unless the pressure of both surfaces is equal. • When the pressures are unequal, it’s compared to your ear “popping”

  10. Internal (inner) ear .

  11. It is a maze of bony chambers called the bony, or osseous labyrinth located deep within the temporal bone behind the eye socket. • The three subdivisions of the bony labyrinth are the spiraling, pea sized cochlea, the vestibule, and the semi circular canals. • It is filled with a plasma like fluid called perilymph.

  12. Mechanisms of equilibrium • The equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called the vestibular apparatus that can be divided into two functional arms, the static equilibrium and the dynamic equilibrium. • Static equilibrium is the force of our bodies when they are still and provide us information on which way is up or down. • Dynamic equilibrium is the receptors that tell you when your body is moving.

  13. MECHANISM OF HEARING • The auditory canal brings what you hear from the outside of the ear to the middle ear. • The waves of sound hit the ear drum, and get further transferred onto the three small bones in the middle ear collectively known as the auditory ossicles: incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup), and malleus (hammer). • The middle ear is filled with air, and the inner ear is filled with fluid, so this opening is covered by a thin membrane to keep them separate. This membrane allows the sound waves to be transmitted into the inner ear, and finally to a bundle of 30,00 nerve fibers each representing a different frequency.

  14. Noise is filtered out of this signal and the brain interprets the signal.

  15. CHEMICAL SENSES: TASTE AND SMELL .

  16. Most of the 10,000 taste buds that we have are on our tongue while some others are on the soft palate and the inner surface of our cheeks. • Taste buds are found on the sides of the large round circumvallate papillae on the dorsal tongue surface.

  17. .

  18. Questions • What is the external ear composed of? • The Ceruminous glands secrete what? • The equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called? • The thin membrane between the middle ear and inner ear that allows the sound waves to be transmitted into the inner ear, and finally to a bundle of how many nerve fiber? • Taste buds are found on the sides of the large round __________ on the dorsal tongue surface.

  19. answers • auricle and the external acoustic meatus • Earwax or cerumen • vestibular apparatus • 30,000 • circumvallate papillae

  20. resources • Anatomy and physiology book • Google.com • Angelfire.com

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