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Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds. All atoms seek a state of balance - a full outer shell of electrons Number of electrons in the outer orbit (shell) gives the element its chemical & physical properties All atoms want to have an electron structure of a noble (inert) gas. Chemical Bonds.

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Chemical Bonds

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  1. Chemical Bonds • All atoms seek a state of balance - a full outer shell of electrons • Number of electrons in the outer orbit (shell) gives the element its chemical & physical properties • All atoms want to have an electron structure of a noble (inert) gas

  2. Chemical Bonds • Therefore: a chemical bond is produced • Atoms bond together to form a compound • Compound - a combination of elements • Compounds can be a solid, liquid, or a gas

  3. Chemical Bonds • Molecule • Result of a chemical bond • Smallest particle with its unique identity • Water - H2O • Air – O2 • N - 78% • O - 21% • Ar - 1%

  4. Chemical Bonds • Valence electrons • Electrons located in the outer orbit (shell) • Participate in chemical bonding • Inner orbits are stable • Chemical Bonds • A process of transfer, (giving/receiving) or sharing of electrons in order to reach a stable state • 3 types • Ionic bonds • Covalent bonds • Metallic bonds

  5. Chemical Bonds • Ionic bond • Electrons are transferred (received or given-up) • + or - ion is formed • Metal from the left side of the PT reacts with a nonmetal from the right side of the PT Sodium • Chloride - NaCl - table salt • Sodium - left - 1 electron to give • Chlorine - right - needs 1 electron

  6. Chemical Bonds • Covalent Bonds • Electrons are shared • Nothing given or received • Form between the nonmetallic elements (right)

  7. Chemical Bonds • Examples of Covalent bonds • HCl • Hydrogen Chloride • CH4 • Methane • H2O • Water • SiO2 • Quartz • CCl4 • Carbon tetrachloride • CO • Carbon monoxide • C6H12O6 • Glucose

  8. Chemical Bonds • Metallic bonds • Electrons are shared

  9. Chemical Bonds • Ionic Bond vs Covalent Bond • Ionic bonds • Electrons are transferred • Form between metals & nonmetals • Metals – left side of PT • Nonmetals – right side of PT • Covalent bond • Electrons are shared • Forms between nonmetals

  10. Chemical Bonds • Electronegativity • An atom’s pulling ability • Difference in the electronegativity will determine the bond type • Fig. 9.10 (p. 259)

  11. Chemical Bonds • Compound Names • ide suffix - compound contains 2 elements

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