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Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. Phylum Chordata. Includes 5 Classes Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals. Fish. Habitat : nearly every aquatic environment Respiration : use gills to breathe Circulation : 2 chambered heart Reproduction : sexual (mostly external)

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata

  2. Phylum Chordata Includes 5 Classes • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  3. Fish • Habitat: nearly every aquatic environment • Respiration: use gills to breathe • Circulation: 2 chambered heart • Reproduction: sexual (mostly external) • Nervous System: lateral line system that can detect movement

  4. Fish • 3 Major Types of Fish • Jawless Fish • Cartilaginous Fish (chondricthes) • Bony Fish (osteicthes)

  5. Amphibians • Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads • Habitat: live on land and water • Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but mostly through the moist skin • Reproduction: External reproduction (water needed to transport sperm and eggs must be kept moist)

  6. Circulation: 3 chambered heart (mixing) One chamber gets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and skin One gets oxygen-poor blood form the rest of the body Both of those chambers collect in a third chamber that pumps a mix of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, skin and body Amphibians

  7. Temperature Regulation: Ectotherms, variable body temperature – gets heat from outside source Metamorphosis – eggs, tadpoles, adult Tadpoles – fins, gills, 2-chambered heart Adult – legs, lungs, 3-chambered heart Amphibians

  8. Examples: snakes, crocodiles, turtle, lizards Habitat: Land mostly Respiration: No exchange thru skin bc it is scaly MUST use lungs Circulation: most have 3 chambered heart Obtain food: claws, legs directly under body makes running easier Temp Regulation: ectotherms Reptiles

  9. Reproduction: Internal fertilization and can lay eggs on land due to the evolution of the amniotic egg Reptiles

  10. Amnion: fluid that cushions embryo Shell: leathery shell Yolk: food source for embryo Allantois: wastes are excreted into this Chorion: allows gas exchange Egg tooth: horny tooth that helps hatch the egg Amniotic Egg

  11. Birds • Examples: pelican, penguin, blue jay • Respiration: lungs and air sacs for extra oxygen for flight • Temp Regulation: Endotherm (internally regulates body temp so it is constant) • Reproduction: internal fertilization and lay amniotic egg with a hard shell, must incubate eggs • Characteristics to Fly: hollow bones for flight, feathers are lightweight, wings, one urogenital orphus

  12. Birds • Circulation: 4 chambered heart (one side pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs the other side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body)

  13. Mammals Must haves to be a mammal: • Hair • Mammary glands that secrete milk to nurse young • Diaphragm to expand and contract chest cavity to get more oxygen • Specialized teeth (ex. Molars, canines, incisors) • Can learn!

  14. Mammals • Temp Regulation: Endotherms, maintain fairly constant body temperature • Circulation: 4 chambered heart the oxygenated blood is kept separate from the deoxygenated blood • Respiration: Diaphragm – sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

  15. Mammals • Why is HAIR important? • Insulation • Waterproofing • Conserves body heat • Mammals cool off by panting and sweating

  16. Mammals Mammals are classified into 3 groups based on their method of reproduction • Placental Mammals • Marsupials • Monotremes

  17. Placental Mammals • Carries baby in the mother’s uterus until development is almost complete • Placenta provides food for the baby, allows gas exchange, and removes waste • 95% of mammals are placental

  18. Marsupials • After a baby has grown to a certain size, the mom carries the baby inside a pouch made of skin and hair on the outside of the mom’s body • Most are found in Australia

  19. Monotremes • Reproduces by laying eggs • Found only in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea • 3 species of monotremes alive today (platypus, spiny anteater and long-beaked echidna

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