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Organic Chem : Biochemistry

Organic Chem : Biochemistry. Biochemistry. S tudy of chem of living organisms Most: large, complex molecules complex molecules: biopolymers  smaller, simpler units: monomers 4 main classes : lipids Proteins Carbohydrates nucleic acids. Lipids.

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Organic Chem : Biochemistry

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  1. Organic Chem: Biochemistry

  2. Biochemistry • Study of chem of living organisms • Most: large, complex molecules • complex molecules: biopolymers smaller, simpler units: monomers 4 main classes: • lipids • Proteins • Carbohydrates • nucleic acids

  3. Lipids • Fatty acids, fats, oils, phospholipids, glycolipids, some vitamins, steroids, and waxes

  4. Structural part of cell membrane • Long-term energy storage • Insulation & shock absorbing

  5. Carbohydrates: it’s all in the name! -ose: fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, etc.

  6. An aldehyde sugar = aldose 6 C sugar = hexose What other functional groups do you see?

  7. A ketone sugar = ketose 6 C sugar = hexose Structural isomer

  8. Which atoms could be chiral? Reminder: 4 diff groups on a central C

  9. Intramolecular Reaction of Glucose to Form a Ring Aldehyde double bond breaks and O atom transfers over H. O then can form 2 single bonds to hold the ring

  10. Condensation Rxtn

  11. Hydrolysis:

  12. Proteins: the main molecule of living tissue

  13. All 20 aa’s are chiral exceptfor Glycine. Amino acids link together in condensation reactions to form polymers.

  14. Zwitterion

  15. Condensation rxtn Forms C to N peptide bond

  16. 201 = 20 amino acids 202= 400 dipeptides

  17. 203= 8000 tripeptide 20100= 1.3 x 10130

  18. Oligopeptide= short to medium-length aa chain (5 to100 aa’s) fuzzy borders Polypeptide= over 100 aa’s in the chain

  19. A thiol (same family as O) Can form disulfide bonds

  20. Strong covalent bonds

  21. Weak, but plentiful H bonds e.g. wool

  22. Not as stretchy: e.g. silk

  23. Proteins play many roles in cells: • structural (e.g. collagen in connective tissue) • movement (e.g. actin & myosin in muscles) • transport (e.g. hemoglobin, LDL, HDL) • catalysis (e.g. wide variety of enzymes) • regulation (e.g. hormones such as insulin)

  24. Nucleic acids: energy and genetics

  25. BASE vs. NUCLEOSIDE (base + sugar) vs. NUCLEOTIDE (base + sugar + phosphate)

  26. RNA’s base

  27. DNA vs RNA structure

  28. Composed of nucleotide monomers: A 5 C sugar, a phosphate, and nitrogenous bases:

  29. Watson & Crick back in the 1950’s Modern genetic engineering Rosalind Franklin

  30. DNA  RNA  proteins

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