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NEW DEAL

NEW DEAL. Limits, Critics, Mistakes, Impact, & Enduring Legacy. Limits. Programs Failed To Bring The U.S. Out Of The Great Depression Some not as successful as people had hoped Ex. - FLSA – only covered ¼ of workers, minimum wage lower than most covered Women

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NEW DEAL

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  1. NEW DEAL Limits, Critics, Mistakes, Impact, & Enduring Legacy

  2. Limits • Programs • Failed To Bring The U.S. Out Of The Great Depression • Some not as successful as people had hoped • Ex. - FLSA – only covered ¼ of workers, minimum wage lower than most covered • Women • NRA – allowed lower wages for women for same job • Most jobs went to men (type of work, “head of household”) • Labor Protections did not extend to domestic jobs • BUT 1st Female Cabinet Member • Secretary of Labor – Frances Perkins • African Americans • Segregated public works, lower pay, no skilled jobs • Last hired, first fired • No anti-lynching laws passed • BUT did appoint more AAs to policy making posts than any President before him • Invited AA leaders to advise him • First Lady outspoken on racial issues

  3. Political Right– conservative, preserve the current system or power structure ND went too far, FDR had too much power Considered programs socialist / communist SSA – penalized successful, hardworking people / #s seemed militaristic Led by Alfred E. Smith (American Liberty League 1934) ND was unconstitutional Compulsory unemployment insurance – Socialist/Communist Political Left – seek governmental change as means of helping the common people New Deal – did not do enough In favor of more socialist type programs More gov’t involvement Some called for redistribution of income Critics • Demagogues– charismatic leaders who manipulate people with half-truths, deceptive promises, and scare tactics • Examples - Coughlin/Long

  4. Mistakes • Court-Packing Scheme (1937) • FDR’s plan to add justices to the Supreme Court • Why? – • Striking down some programs as unconstitutional • Wanted to appoint justices who would support his plans • “Roosevelt Recession” (1937) • 1933-1937 • GNP↑ 10%per year / Unemployment ↓to 10% (from 25%) • FDR believed in balanced budget, reduces federal spending • WPA (main relief/recovery agency of 2nd ND) – cuts funding in ½ • Social Security – started w/ less than promised • Sent U.S. into a recession • Stock Market collapsed • Unemployment jumps back up to 19%

  5. Impact • Labor Movement • CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) • Wagner Act • Guaranteed collective bargaining but businesses did not have to accept the terms of the unions • Strikes – wave of strikes as a result • Sit-down strikes – stopped working, refused to leave, picket lines outside • Cultural Life • WPA • supported unemployed artists, musicians, historians, actors, and writers • Federal Music Project / Federal Theatre Project • Careers • Started and helped careers of many famous writers • Environment • CCC / Dust Bowl • Continued work of TR – Conserved 12 million acres

  6. Legacy • Deficit Spending & National Debt • Set precedent for spending out of economic downturns • Enduring Programs • FDIC, SEC, AAA, TVA • Social Security – Foundation of Welfare State • Public Works • Lasting monuments to the ND (Bridges, Dams, Parks, Schools) • Transformation of Democratic Party • New Deal Coalition – organized labor, African Americans and other ethnic groups, women, city-dwellers, middle-class • ALSO – Southern Democrats – FDR did not challenge the existing power structure in the South – needed their votes for programs • Expansion of the Federal Gov’t • Regulation of the Economy • Welfare & Social Security • Role of the President

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