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Analysis of Total Aluminum and Dissolved Aluminum

Analysis of Total Aluminum and Dissolved Aluminum. Louis McDonald and Jeff Skousen Plant & Soil Sciences West Virginia University. Aluminum. The Good. The Bad. The Ugly. ?. Where is the Aluminum?. Aluminum – “Free” Ion. Al 3+. Aluminum Complexes. Complexes. Al 3+. Inorganic.

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Analysis of Total Aluminum and Dissolved Aluminum

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  1. Analysis of Total Aluminum and Dissolved Aluminum Louis McDonald and Jeff Skousen Plant & Soil Sciences West Virginia University

  2. Aluminum The Good The Bad The Ugly ?

  3. Where is the Aluminum?

  4. Aluminum – “Free” Ion Al3+

  5. Aluminum Complexes Complexes Al3+ Inorganic Organic e.g. fluoride, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate O Al3+

  6. Aluminum Complexes Complexes Al3+ Inorganic Organic hydroxide Small e.g. acetic, citric

  7. Aluminum Complexes Complexes Al3+ Inorganic Organic hydroxide Small Large e.g. acetic, citric e.g. humic acid, fulvic acid

  8. Where is the Aluminum? Al3+ Complexes Inorganic Organic Large Small OH-

  9. Aluminum Particles By Composition Aluminum hydroxides and oxides Gibbsite (Al(OH)3) Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Aluminosilicates Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) Phyllosilicates Kaolinite (Si2Al5(OH)4)

  10. Aluminum Particles By Size V. Small Small Medium Large Very fine clays Clays Silts Sands Colloids – Al on surface does matter

  11. Colloids Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, etc. Al3+

  12. Very Large Very Small Particles Complexes Al3+ V. Small Inorganic Organic Small OH- Medium Large Small Large

  13. Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small OH- Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid

  14. Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic OH- Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  15. The Curious Case of Hydroxide Al3+ Total Dissolved Al Al(OH)4-

  16. The Curious Case of Hydroxide

  17. Al3 Al1 Al13 From Casey et al. 2010

  18. Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic OH- Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Polynuclear Al Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  19. Where is the Aluminum?

  20. Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  21. Why filter? PROPERLY! Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  22. What do instruments measure? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  23. Acidifying Samples + Acid, H+ Al3+ H – Complexes Al in Solids H on Surfaces Al3+ Al – Complexes Al in Solids Al on Surfaces Dissolved Al Dissolved Al

  24. Why might hardness matter? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  25. What is toxic? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  26. What is toxic? Very Large Very Small Ingestion or Inhalation Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  27. What is toxic? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes Plants, algae V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  28. What is toxic? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Fish acute Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  29. What is toxic? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Fish chronic? Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  30. What is Total Al? What is dissolved Al? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

  31. Questions? Very Large Very Small Particles Al3+ Complexes V. Small Inorganic Organic Small Medium Large Small Large Definitely Dissolved Definitely Solid Filter Size Operationally Dissolved

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