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Harlem Renaissance U.S. History II

“I don’t have to ‘master’ every little boy comes along” • North and South are like two different countries • What are the differences between the two regions?

The Great Migration • Push vs. Pull • What conditions were African Americans escaping from, and what conditions did they expect in the North? Boll-weevil in de cotton, Cut worm in de corn, Debil in de white man, We’s goin’ on.

Pittsburgh + 48% Detroit + 600% Chicago + 150% New York + 66% Indianapolis + 60% Columbus + 75% Cincinnati + 53%

Making the World Safe for Democracy! • African Americans enlisted in large numbers (200,000 went to Europe), but faced Jim Crow in the service • Fought for lofty ideals and returned home to find injustice http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/7/77/East-st-louis-massacre-cartoon.jpg

Racial Tensions at Home • Several major violent incidents demonstrated how African Americans ranked in American society http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States

W.E.B. DuBois Responds This is the country to which we Soldiers of Democracy return. This is the fatherland for which we fought! But is our fatherland. It was right for us to fight. The faults of our country are our faults. Under similar circumstances we would fight again. But by the God of Heaven, we are cowards and [fools] if now that the war is over, we do not marshal every ounce of our brain and brawn to fight a sterner, longer, more unbending battle against the forces of hell in our own land. We return. We return from fighting. We return fighting.

Different Organizations with Different Goals • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • National Urban League • United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), headed by Marcus Garvey http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=766&rendTypeId=4

Marcus Garvey • Advocated Pan-Africanism • Founded the ill-fated Black Star Line • Ultimately disgraced and deported http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/_gfx/pics/investigations_2005/302_black_star.jpg

Why Harlem? Chant another song of Harlem; Not about the wrong of Harlem But about the throng of Harlem, Proud that they belong to Harlem; They, the over-blamed of Harlem Need not be ashamed of Harlem; All is not ill-famed in Harlem, The devil, too, is tamed in Harlem.

Life in a Renaissance • Many of the artists could not support themselves and had menial jobs • The movement largely relied on the patronage of whites, like Carl Van Vechten • Rent parties were a common occurrence since rent was very high in Harlem • Harlem became a popular hangout for whites coming for amusement and alcohol

The Makings of a Renaissance • Originated with a meeting of minds and the Broadway musical Shuffle Along • DuBois believed that the works produced should be a form of propaganda • Some participants had differing opinions http://www.columbia.edu/itc/english/woodard/shuffle%20along%201921.jpg

A Place and a State of Mind • Harlem represented both • It was a place of high culture and low • The Renaissance would not survive The Depression https://secure.reservexl.net/wwwimg/img/tours/1166-1.jpg

“The fact is that the average man's love of liberty is nine-tenths imaginary, exactly like his love of sense, justice and truth. He is not actually happy when free; he is uncomfortable, a bit alarmed, and intolerably lonely. Liberty is not a thing for the great masses of men. It is the exclusive possession of a small and disreputable minority, like knowledge, courage and honor. It takes a special sort of man to understand and enjoy liberty — and he is usually an outlaw in democratic societies.” H. L. Mencken

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