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The Italian Renaissance: Recovery, Rebirth, and Social Changes

Explore the timeline and characteristics of the Italian Renaissance, including the emphasis on individual ability, economic recovery, social changes, and the role of women. Learn about the major powers, the birth of modern diplomacy, and the impact of printing. Discover the art and artists of the Renaissance, and the development of the European state during this period.

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The Italian Renaissance: Recovery, Rebirth, and Social Changes

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  1. Chapter 12 Recovery and Rebirth: The Renaissance

  2. Timeline

  3. Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance • Renaissance = Rebirth • Jacob Burkhardt • Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) • Urban Society • Age of Recovery • Rebirth of Greco-Roman culture • Emphasis on individual ability

  4. The Making of Renaissance Society • Economic Recovery • Italian cities lose economic supremacy • Hanseatic League • Manufacturing • Textiles, printing, mining and metallurgy • Banking • Florence and the Medici

  5. The Polish City of Gdansk An Important Member of the Hanseatic League

  6. Social Changes in the Renaissance • The Nobility • Reconstruction of the aristocracy • Aristocracy: 2 – 3 percent of the population • Baldassare Castiglione (1478 – 1529) • The Book of the Courtier (1528) • Service to the prince

  7. Peasants and Townspeople • Peasants • Peasants: 85 – 90 percent of population • Decline of manorial system and serfdom • Urban Society • Patricians • Petty burghers, shopkeepers, artisans, guildmasters, and guildsmen • The poor and unemployed • Slaves

  8. Agenda 8/29/13 Crash Course Notes Source

  9. Crash Course • (This guy talks fast…I know) • This is a sort of test on how well you can take notes when listening (gets you ready for college….in a few years) • Take notes on the overview of the Renaissance. You will turn these in at the end. • Try to focus only on the main ideas – don’t try to explain things • E.g. People, Places, main ideas • E.g. Bulleted lists work well with short phrases

  10. Family and Marriage in Renaissance Italy • Husbands and Wives • Arranged Marriages • Husband head of household • Wife managed household • Children • Childbirth • Sexual Norms

  11. The Italian States in the Renaissance • Five Major Powers • Milan • Venice • Florence • The Medici • The Papal States • Kingdom of Naples • Independent City-States • Mantua • Ferrara • Urbino • The Role of Women • Warfare in Italy • Struggle between France and Spain • Invasion and division

  12. Map 12.1: Renaissance Italy

  13. The Birth of Modern Diplomacy • Modern diplomacy a product of Renaissance Italy • Changing concept of the ambassador • Resident ambassadors • Agents of the territorial state

  14. Machiavelli and the New Statecraft • Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527) • The Prince • Acquisition, maintenance and expansion of political power • Cesare Borgia

  15. Italian Renaissance Humanism • Classical Revival • Petrarch (1304 – 1374) • Humanism in Fifteenth-Century Italy • Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444) • New Cicero • Lorenzo Valla (1407 – 1457) • Humanism and Philosophy • Marsilio Ficino (1433 – 1499) • Translates Plato’s dialogues • Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism • Renaissance Hermeticism • Ficino, Corpus Hermeticum • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494), Oration on the Dignity of Man

  16. Education, History, and the Impact of Printing • Education in the Renaissance • Liberal Studies: history, moral philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music • Education of women • Aim of education was to create a complete citizen • Humanism and History • Secularization • Guicciardini (1483 – 1540), History of Italy, History of Florence • The Impact of Printing • Johannes Gutenberg • Movable type (1445 – 1450) • Gutenberg’s Bible (1455 or 1456) • The spread of printing

  17. Art in the Early Renaissance • Masaccio (1401 – 1428) • Perspective and Organization • Movement and Anatomical Structure • Paolo Uccelo (1397 – 1475) • The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian • Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510) • Primavera • Donato di Donatello (1386 – 1466) • David • Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446) • The Cathedral of Florernce • Church of San Lorenzo

  18. Masaccio, Tribute Money

  19. The Artistic High Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519) • Last Supper • Raphael (1483 – 1520) • School of Athens • Michelangelo (1475 – 1564) • The Sistine Chapel

  20. Raphael, School of Athens

  21. The Artist and Social Status • Early Renaissance • Artists as craftsmen • High Renaissance • Artists as heroes

  22. The Northern Artistic Renaissance • Jan van Eyck (c. 1380 – 1441) • Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride • Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528) • Adoration of the Magi

  23. Van Eyck, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride

  24. Music in the Renaissance • Burgundy • Guillaume Dufay (c. 1400 – 1474) • The Renaissance Madrigal

  25. Agenda 9/3/13 Go over the art project (must be emailed to me today.) Finish out notes on the Chapter and copy down Study Guide Read The Prince Ch. 12 test this Friday

  26. Art project What were some of the themes you noticed from your project? Was there a progression in the talent level chronologically? Whom did you like the best and why?

  27. The European State in the Renaissance • The Renaissance State in Western Europe • France • Louis XI the Spider King (1461 – 1483) • England • War of the Roses • Henry VII Tudor (1485 – 1509) • Spain • Unification of Castile and Aragón • Establishment of professional royal army • Religious uniformity • The Inquisition • Conquest of Granada • Expulsion of the Jews

  28. Map 12.2: Europe in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century

  29. Map 12.3: The Iberian Peninsula

  30. Central, Eastern, and Ottoman Empires • Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire • Habsburg Dynasty • Maximilian I (1493 – 1519) • The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern Europe • Poland • Hungary • Russia • The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine Empire • Seljuk Turks spread into Byzantine territory • Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453)

  31. Map 12.4: The Ottoman Empire and Southeastern Europe

  32. The Church in the Renaissance • The Problems of Heresy and Reform • John Wycliff (c. 1328 – 1384) and Lollardy • John Hus (1374 – 1415) • Urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the clergy • Burned at the stake (1415) • Church Councils • The Papacy • The Renaissance Papacy • Julius II (1503 – 1513) • “Warrior Pope” • Nepotism • Patrons of Culture • Leo X (1513 – 1521)

  33. Study Guide • Does the Renaissance represent a sharp break from the Middle Ages or a continuation of the Medieval Period? • What social changes did the Renaissance bring about? • How did Machiavelli deal with the issue of political power? • How did the printing press change European society? • What technical achievements did Renaissance artists make? Why were they significant? • What was the relation between art and politics in Renaissance Italy? • How did the popes handle the growing problems that were emerging in the Church in the Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Century?

  34. The Prince Read and annotate the source Discuss the change in mindset of the ruler from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

  35. Agenda 9/5/13 Talk about the three levels of answers on the last test (also talk about test corrections) Finish Quiz creation and trade-and-grade Terms sheet handout for extra credit tomorrow CH. 12 TEST TOMORROW – MC and IDs Start Ch. 13 – The Reformation on Monday

  36. 3 levels of answers • 1st level • Thesis, three main ideas, each idea supporting with specific examples • 2nd level • Murky thesis, specific ideas but not necessarily in a concrete form • 3rd level • General paragraph with few specific, supporting details

  37. Test corrections format Tomorrow you will get your test back (after you finish the exam) Over the weekend you can “fill in” your answers. I have tried to provide some direction on your exam. Each corrected FRQ gets you back half your points. Preferred method: email me your TCs Less preferred method: hand write and turn in on Monday

  38. Finish Quiz trade-and-grade Perhaps you saw the balance between the specific and the general in your question formation. Ch. 11 = General themes Ch. 12 = Specifics Being a historian requires you to do both…at the same time. I will check you off as I walk around at the end of the period. Have it out on your desk.

  39. Terms sheet mania! Here is your safety net for tomorrows exam. For each ID you get correct you will get 1 point back on the exam You will take the MC first and then do IDs (or if you’re a daring you will do nothing!!!) This is how this test will have test corrections.

  40. Web Links • Renaissance Secrets • Explore Leonardo’s Studio • Leonardo da Vinci on the BBC • Vatican Exhibit – Rome Reborn • Renaissance – Focus on Florence • The Uffizi Gallery – Florence • Vatican Museums – The Sistine Chapel • Gutenberg.de • The War of the Roses • The Ottoman Website

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