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Joints and Joint Movement

Joints and Joint Movement. Human A&P. Joints. With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve two functions Hold the bones securely together Give the rigid skeleton flexibility. Joint Classification.

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Joints and Joint Movement

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  1. Joints and Joint Movement Human A&P

  2. Joints • With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone • Joints serve two functions • Hold the bones securely together • Give the rigid skeleton flexibility

  3. Joint Classification • Functional: depends on the amount of movement allowed by the joint • Structural: depends on whether fibrous tissue, cartilage, or a joint cavity separates the bony regions at the joint

  4. Three Types of Joints • Synarthrosis Joints – held together by collagenous fibers. The bones closely contact each other. Ex. Skull sutures, distal end of fibula and tibia • Amphiarthosis Joints – hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect the bones. Ex. Vertebrae, pubis bone • Diarthrosis (Synovial Joint) – Most common joint and most complex

  5. Synovial Joint

  6. Types of Synovial Joints

  7. Ball and Socket Joint • Hip and shoulder are examples • Egg shaped head with a cup shaped cavity

  8. Condyloid Joint • Metacarpals and phalanges

  9. Gliding Joint • Joints of the wrist and ankle • Back and forth movement

  10. Hinge Joint • Elbow • Concave and convex surfaces fit together

  11. Pivot Joint • Rotation around a central axis • Radius and ulna, neck turning

  12. Saddle Joint • Carpal and metacarpal of the thumb

  13. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints • Bursitis: inflammation of bursa (synovial membrane); water on the knee

  14. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints • Sprain • Ligaments or tendons reinforcing joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from bone • Slow to heal because of poor blood supply • Dislocation • When a bone is forced out of normal position in the joint cavity

  15. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints • Arthritis • Most widespread, crippling disease in the U.S. • 1 in 7 Americans suffer with it • Initial symptoms: Pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joint • Acute and Chronic Forms of Arthritis

  16. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints • Acute Arthritis • Result from bacterial invasion • Treated with antibiotic • Synovial membrane thickens and fluid production decreases, leading to increased friction and pain

  17. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints • Chronic Arthritis • Osteoarthritis • Most common form • Degenerative condition usu. affects the aged • Wear and tear affects • Can cause bone spurs which restrict joint movement • Rheumatoid arthritis • Occurs between 40-50 years old, but can occur at any age • Affects more women than men • Many joints affected at the same time and usu. in symmetrical manner (left elbow than right elbow) • Marked by remission (goes away) and flare ups (comes back) • Autoimmune disease – body attacks its own tissues • Gouty arthritis

  18. Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints

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