An Integrated English Course Book 4

An Integrated English Course Book 4 Unit Ten

Questions for General Understanding • What do you know about the narrator? • What type of writing is the text? • What’s the author’s purpose of writing? • How many parts can the text be divided into? (p. 155)

1. About the narrator • James Earl Jones

James Earl Jones Turned Fear Into FameFear -- Feel It and Keep Moving • Many of us allow our fear to stop us in our tracks. All it takes is a less than encouraging word, a negative facial expression, or a less than positive opinion, and we give up before we even get started. We’re afraid of: • • the word “no” because it means failure• the word “yes” because it means responsibility• the disapproving look because it means rejection• the whispers and grins because they mean judgment, and • the absence of support because it means abandonment • Let’s look at these five catalysts (催化剂) to failure and how they can be overcome.

AbandonmentLittle James Earl was scared. His father had left the family to become a prize fighter and actor. His mother had left to earn money as a tailor. The Great Depression had stolen his family and he was about to lose the only life he had ever known. • His grandparents had adopted him and now they were on their way to Michigan.

RejectionThough his life in Mississippi had been one of abandonment, it was all the 5-year-old boy had known. The move to Michigan so traumatized him he developed a stutter. • His first day of school was a disaster. His stuttering made his classmates laugh at him. It was the final straw for a frightened little boy. He closed his mouth and simply quit talking… for eight years! • James Earl was completely mute – with the exception of conversations he had with himself when he was all alone. He found solace in the written word – creating poetry to release the raging in his soul.

JudgmentAs is often the case, one person who saw beyond his limitations released James Earl from his self-imposed prison. That one person was an English teacher who saw talent in the silent 13-year-old. She pushed him beyond his fear by forcing him into public speaking – insisting he recite a poem in front of the class every day. • Can’t you imagine his terror when he first stood in front of his classmates? What made him do it? Was it only the teacher’s insistence? No. It was a deep desire to break free from his prison and speak all the things that had sat silently in his heart during all those years. He chose to feel the fear – and then do it anyway!

FailureHe stuttered. He stammered. He endured the sympathetic and scornful looks of fellow students. He endured the laughing. But he did it. He faced the fear and forced himself to speak. Day after day. Week after week. He hung onto the encouragement of the teacher who believed in him. And it worked. His stuttering became less. He learned to control his voice.

ResponsibilityHis victories made him look for more challenges. James Earl began to take acting lessons. His early lessons in perseverance gave him the courage to push beyond the prejudices against black actors. He chose to take as many different types of roles as he could – stretching his limitations and refusing to be pigeon-holed with any stereotypes.

Beyond the FearJames Earl Jones is now known for his deep authoritative voice. Perhaps you know him as the voice of Star War’s Darth Vader or as Mufasa in the Lion King. You see him almost daily on commercials. He has starred on Broadway and been in many movies. He has been laden with Tony, Emmy and Obie Awards. • People look at him today and see a confident actor with a deep, resonant voice. The next time you see him, look deeper. . . • James Earl Jones’ great secret to success is that he chose to push beyond his fears. He chose to change the reality of a young boy who had lived in silence for eight years. He chose to face ridicule and scorn in order to be free. I can only imagine how many years passed before he could open his mouth without being afraid of what would come out.

So many of us let our fears stop us. We’re afraid of how we will appear. We’re afraid of what people will think. We’re afraid we’ll fail. And so. . . we do nothing. We exchange fear for regret. Fear will pass. Fear can be conquered. Fear will fade away in the face of determined action. • Regret – well, you'll live with that for the rest of your life. • What are you afraid of ? Name the fear. Choose to face it. And take action to conquer it today! You, too, can live a life of success by feeling the fear and moving beyond it. • About the Author...The story for this article was taken from Ginny Dye’s Daily Secrets For Success. Let these daily motivational stories stir your heart, fuel your desire and propel you into action. Subscribe at http://www.DailySecretsForSuccess.com • Source:Family-Content.com

2. Type of writing • Narrative 3. Purpose of writing (154) • To reveal how the narrator overcame his stuttering and became a good speaker with the help of Prof. Crouch.

4. Text structure • Part I (Paragraph 1-2) Beginning-- presents a striking contrast between his successful career as an actor and television announcer and his severe stutter in his early childhood . • Part II (Paragraphs 3-22) Development-- the author recollects how his high school teacher,Professor Crouch, helped him to overcome his stutter and find his voice. • Part III (Paragraphs 23-29) Ending-- the author tells the reader how his voice was found with the help of Prof. Crouch who turned a new leaf to his life and brought him great successes in memorable roles on stage, in films, and on television, and how grateful he is to his teacher, “the father of my resurrected voice”.

Part I (Paragraph 1-2) • In this part, the writer describes how successful his career is at present and what an important role his voice plays in his career. It forms a sharp contrast with the fact that he suffered from a stuttering problem as a child.

voice • be in (good) voice 嗓子好 • find one's voice (吓得或羞得说不出话之后)恢复说话 • give one's voice for 赞成 • give voice to 说出, 表达, 吐露 • have a [no] voice in sth. 对某事有[无]发言权 • in a hushed voice 低声(私语)地 • in bad [out of] voice 嗓子不好 • in my voice 以我的名义(莎士比亚语) • lift up one's voice 大声疾呼, 叫嚷

lose one's voice 嗓子哑了 • lower one's voice 低声说话, 压低嗓子 • raise one's voice against sth. 为抗议某事而大声疾呼 • recover one's voice 开口说起话来 • round voice 宏亮而柔和的嗓音 • speak under one's voice 低声说 • strain one's voice 喊坏嗓子; 扯起嗓子喊 • the public voice 舆论 • the still small voice 良心的呼声 • The voice of one man is the voice of no one. [谚]一个人的意见不起作用。 • with one voice 异口同声地; 一致地

Language work • 1. trilogy: -- a series of three books, plays, operas, etc. that have the same subject or the same character, but are each complete works in themselves • He is best known for his trilogy on working-class life.

Star Wars is an epic (史诗的) space opera franchise(特权，经营权)initially conceived by George Lucas. The first film in the franchise was simply titled Star Wars, but later had the subtitle Episode IV: A New Hope added to distinguish it from its sequels and prequels(介绍性的片集).Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977 by 20th Century Fox, and became a worldwide pop culture (通俗文化)phenomenon, spawning two immediate sequels released in three-year intervals. Sixteen years after the release of the trilogy's final film, the first in a new prequel trilogy of films was released, again released in three-year intervals, with the final film released on May 19, 2005. • The original trilogy comprised of Star Wars, released on May 25, 1977, The Empire Strikes Back（帝国反击战）, released on May 21, 1980, and Return of the Jedi（绝地武士归来/绝地大反攻）, released on May 25, 1983.

2. the voice-over announcer: -- an announcer who makes a commentary (解说词) or gives an explanation which is heard as part of a film or television program, but he himself is not actually seen.

Questions for discussion Q: Did you expect a person as described in Paragraph 1 could have suffered from stutter? A: It is really out of anyone’s expectation that a person with the experience of stuttering may have such a great achievement, especially in a career dependent primarily upon voice and fluency.

Part II (Paragraphs 3-22) • Development: How I found my voice • It mainly describes the writer’s stuttering problem when he was a child and the process of how Prof. Crouch helped the boy tackle the problem by way of the forced public speaking. As a result, his effort woke up the boy’s courage to overcome his humiliation, and the boy’s stutter disappeared.

Language work • 3. I always sat down, my face burning with shame. -- I always sat down, and blushed because I felt ashamed. • More examples of absolute structure: • A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on. (infinitive clause) • His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker stopped in the middle of his lecture. (-ed participle clause) • He went off, gun in hand, (prepositional phrase) • The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside.(adjective phrase)

Paul was lying on the lawn, his hands __ under his head.A. were crossing B. were crossed C. crossing D. crossed • ANSWER: D

The boys leaned against the willow tree, fishing poles _____ on sticks, eyes ____ at the bobs floating on the ripples.A. resting… gazingB. resting… gazedC. rested… gazingD. rested… gazed • ANSWER: A

4. It was traumatic moving from the warm, easy ways of catfish country to the harsh climate of the north, where people seemed so different. • We moved from the familiar and pleasant country to the north where I felt cold both in body and in heart. That was really an upsetting experience in my life.

fervent • adj showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate 热诚的; 热情的; 热烈的; 强烈的 • a fervent farewell speech 热情的告别演说 • fervent love, hatred, etc 强烈的爱﹑ 恨等 • a fervent admirer痴心的倾慕者 • He's a fervent believer in free speech. • 他是言论自由的强烈信仰者。 • She has a fervent desire to win. • 她有着强烈的获胜欲望。

5. in a nondenominational fellowship: • -- in a close relationship without caring about the different religions • nondenominational-- not restricted to a particular religious denomination • adj. 不限于一宗教宗派的, 与宗教宗派无关的

6. Granddad’s Irish heritage came out in his love for language; during the week he used “everyday talk”, but on Sunday he spoke only the finest English.: • -- Granddad had a love for language, which might have been inherited from his Irish ancestors. In weekdays, he used plain English, but when in church on Sunday, he spoke perfectly standard English.

come out • 1. 出现 • The moon came out from behind the clouds. • 月亮从云后露出脸来。 • 2. 出版 • When will his new novel come out? • 他新创作的小说什么时候出版? • 3. 结果是 • The party came out all right. 晚会开得很好。 • 4. 传出 • When the news came out, everyone was shocked. • 消息传来,人人都感到震惊。 • 5. 总计 • The total came out at 1010. 总数算出来为一千零十。

7. come close to: -- become almost the same as • 8. assess: -- consider or judge the quality or worth of something • They say they can assess intelligence from these tests. • 9. round up: 集中，赶拢-- gather together animals or people, often when they do not want to be gathered together • We rounded up some friends to play poker and drink beer. 我们聚集了一些朋友来喝啤酒、打扑克牌。

10. vent: give free expression to • (idm 习语) give (full) vent to sth:express sth freely （任意地）表达某事 • He gave vent to his feelings in an impassioned speech. 他慷慨陈词抒发感情. • vent sth (on sb): find or provide an outlet for (an emotion) 发泄（情感） • He vented his anger on his long-suffering wife. 他拿一贯受气的妻子出气. • (idm 习语) grit one's teeth • (a) keep one's jaws tight together 咬紧牙关 • (b) (fig 比喻) summon up one's courage and determination 鼓起勇气下定决心 • When things get difficult, you just have to grit your teeth and persevere. 遇到困难只需咬紧牙关坚持下去.

11. That awful feeling of my voice being trapped got worse as 1 grew older.: -- As I grew older, I became more self-conscious of my stuttering. • 12. retreat: -- a quiet or private place that one goes to in order to rest or concentrate on a particular problem or task

Mennonite • 门诺宗信徒；门诺派教徒['menənait] • 以门诺·西门（Menno Simons）的名字命名的新教教会信徒。起源可追溯到1525年成立的瑞士兄弟会，他们是一些反对婴儿受洗并强调政教分离的不从国教派。因受迫害而散居欧洲各地，先是在荷兰与波兰北部找到了政治自由，再从那些地区迁往乌克兰与俄罗斯。1663年他们首次移民北美洲。19世纪70年代，许多俄罗斯门诺宗信徒因丧失兵役豁免权而移民美国中西部和加拿大。如今，在全世界许多地方都能找到门诺宗信徒，尤其是南、北美洲。他们的信条强调《圣经》的权威、早期教会的典范和洗礼对承认信仰的重要性。他们崇尚简朴的生活，许多人拒绝宣誓及服兵役。

Chaucer • Chaucer, Geoffrey(?1340-1400) an English writer who wrote the long poem TheCanterbury Tales, one of the most important works in English literature. It is about a group of pilgrims (朝圣者)travelling to Canterbury, who tell each other stories.

The beginning of The Knight's Tale from the Ellesmere manuscript. Whilom, as olde stories tellen us,Ther was a duc that highte Theseus;Of Atthenes he was lord and governour,And in his tyme swich a conquerour,That gretter was ther noon under the sonne.Ful many a riche contree hadde he wonne,What with his wysdom and his chivalrie;He conquered al the regne of Femenye,That whilom was ycleped Scithia,And weddede the queene Ypolita,And broghte hir hoom with hym in his contree,With muchel glorie and greet solempnytee,And eek hir yonge suster Emelye.And thus with victorie and with melodye

(8) he couldn’t stand not being a part of our school. • Paraphrase: ... he wanted very much to be a teacher of our school. • Why?

Robert Frost (1874-1963) • American poet, one of the finest of rural New England's 20th century pastoral poets. Frost published his first books in Great Britain in the 1910s, but he soon became in his own country the most read and constantly anthologized poet, whose work was made familiar in classrooms and lecture platforms. Frost was awarded the Pulitzer Prize four times. Nature and Frost's rural surroundings were for him a source for insights "from delight to wisdom", or as he also said: "Literature begins with geography." FIRE AND ICE Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.

我通知了住在山那边的邻居； 有一天我们约好，巡视地界一番，在我们两家之间再把墙重新砌起。我们走的时候，中间隔著一沿墙。落在两边的石块，由各自去料理。有些是长块的，有些几乎圆得像球，需要一点魔术才能把它们放稳当：「给我好好待著，等我们转过身再滚落！」我们搬弄石头，把手指都磨粗了。啊！这不过又是一种户外游戏，一个人站在一边。此外没有多少用处：在墙那地方，我们根本不需要墙：他那边全是松树，我这边则是苹果园。我的苹果树永远也不会踱过去，吃掉他松树下的毬果。我对他说。他只是说：「好篱笆造出好邻居。」 I let my neighbour know beyond the hill; And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go. To each the boulders that have fallen to each. And some are loaves and some so nearly balls We have to use a spell to make them balance: “Stay where you are until our backs are turned!” We wear our fingers rough with handling them. Oh, just another kind of out-door game, One on a side. It comes to little more: There where it is we do not need the wall: He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. He only says, “Good fences make good neighbours.”

13. savor: -- enjoy and appreciate something like food, or drink, or an experience, as much as one can加调味品于, 尝到或闻到, 尽情享受 • I savored every mouthful of breakfast, reluctant to let it end. • He savored his success. 他回味自己的成就。 • Life seems to have lost most of its savor for him.对他来说，生活似乎已失去了一切乐趣。 • (10) we found a kinship • Paraphrase: we found a strong connection between us.

press • press sb (for sth): try repeatedly to persuade sb (to do sth) 一再劝说某人（做某事）; 催促; 敦促: • The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan. • 银行催我们偿还贷款. • They are pressing us to make a quick decision. • 他们正在敦促我们迅速作出决定.

turn away • She turn away in horror at the sight of so much blood. • 她一看见这么多血就立刻吓得转过脸去。 • Some refugees were turned away. There were too many hungry mouths to feed already. • 一些难民们被打发走了，因为需要提供食物的饥民太多了。

14. labor:-- work with difficulty, for example because one is not strong enough or clever enough • He was laboring under the strain of a worsening political crisis. • His classmates were laboring with elementary algebra. • 15. ... I started, anger flooding me ... : -- ... I started, overwhelmed with anger ...

breathless • 1. having difficulty in breathing 气喘吁吁的,呼吸困难的 • The climb made him breathless. • 2. (因兴奋、恐惧等)呼吸急促的;屏息的 • The children were breathless as they watched the tightrope act. • 孩子们在看走绳索表演时呼吸都屏住了。 • 3. 扣人心弦的,令人喘不过气的 • breathless tension 令人透不过气来的紧张 • 4. 呼吸停止的;死的 • The body lay breathless on the bed: there was no sign of life. • 躺在床上的人停止了呼吸,已经死了。 • 5. 无风而沉闷的;闷气的 unpleasantly hot • the breathless air of a hot summer day 炎热的夏日那令人窒息的空气 • at (a) breathless pace/speed: extremely fast

Cf. out of breath喘不过气来，上气不接下气地 • I‘m out of breath after running up the stairs. 奔上楼梯我气喘吁吁。 • Cf. gasp: take one or more quick deep breaths with open mouth (大口)喘气 • gasp like a fish out of water 像鱼离开水似的大口喘气 • The exhausted runner was gasping for air/breath. 那人跑得疲惫已极, 上气不接下气.

16. I stood amazed and floated back to my desk in a daze, amid wild applause.: -- I stood there, amazed at my performance, then not knowing how, I drifted back to my seat, and my classmates gave me a big applause. • (idm 习语) in a daze: in a confused state 处於茫然状态: • I've been in a complete daze since hearing the sad news. 我听到那坏消息, 一直全然不知所措. • amid, also amidst prep (dated or fml 旧或文) in the middle of (sth); among 在...当中; 在...中: • Amid all the rush and confusion she forgot to say goodbye. 她在忙乱中忘记了告辞.

dubious • dubious about sth/doing sth: not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful 半信半疑; 可疑: • I remain dubious about her motives. 我对她的动机仍存疑念. • uncertain in result; in doubt 结果未定的; 不能确定的: • The results of this policy will remain dubious for some time. 这项政策的效果短期内难以确定.

doubtful • doubtful (about sth/doing sth) (of a person) feeling doubt; unsure （指人）感到怀疑, 不能确定: • feel doubtful about whether to go or not拿不定主意去不去 • causing doubt; uncertain 令人生疑的; 不肯定的: • The weather looks rather doubtful, ie unsettled. 天气看来靠不住（可能会变天）. • a doubtful (ie unreliable) ally 不可靠的盟友 • unlikely; improbable 未必的; 不大可能的: • It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. 在那场爆炸中很难有幸存者. • [attrib 作定语] possibly dishonest, disreputable, etc; causing suspicion; questionable （诚实﹑ 名声等）不大好的, 可疑的, 有问题 • a rather doubtful character, neighborhood, past很可疑的人物﹑ 邻居﹑ 过去.

suspicious • suspicious (about/of sth/sb) having or showing suspicion 有疑心的; 表示怀疑的: • a suspicious look, attitude 怀疑的样子﹑ 态度 • I'm very suspicious about her motives. 我对她的动机甚为怀疑. • He is suspicious of (ie does not trust) strangers. 他不信任陌生人. • causing suspicion 引起怀疑的; 可疑的: • a suspicious action, remark 可疑的行动﹑ 言语 • a suspicious character, ie sb who may be dishonest 不可靠的人 • It's very suspicious that she was in the house when the crime happened. 案发时她在房子里, 此点非常可疑.

17. Most have no problem singing because the lyrics’ rhythmic pattern flows by itself.:-- Most stutterers can sing without stuttering because they can sing along with the rhythm pattern which just flows by itself.

18. He never pushed anything at me again; he just wanted all his students to wake up.:-- From then on he never gave me pressure, and what he tried to do was to help students realize and tap their potential.

An Integrated English Course Book 4