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Chapter 11: Emotions, Stress and Health

Chapter 11: Emotions, Stress and Health. Theories of Emotion. James-Lange – emotion follows physiology Cannon-Bard – the physiology and emotion happen at the same time. Thinking and Feeling. Do our feelings lead our thoughts or do our thoughts lead our feelings??

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Chapter 11: Emotions, Stress and Health

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  1. Chapter 11: Emotions, Stress and Health

  2. Theories of Emotion • James-Lange – emotion follows physiology • Cannon-Bard – the physiology and emotion happen at the same time

  3. Thinking and Feeling Do our feelings lead our thoughts or do our thoughts lead our feelings?? Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory Epinepherine experiment

  4. Emotion & the Body • Activation of the sympathetic nervous system accompanies most emotional reactions • How does similar activation accompany such a wide range of emotions? Are there other differences?

  5. Expressing Emotion: Non-Verbal Behavior We all do it constantly, whether we know it or not Are some of better at reading nonverbal clues than others? We are all best at spotting anger/threatening nonverbal material

  6. What physical cues do we use to Detect Emotion in others? Facial expression Other bodily movements We can even sense subtle differences in emotional reactions

  7. Where is nonverbal communication used? • Especially unfamiliar situations • Situations in which we have little other information • Can anyone think of an activity where access to nonverbal information is limited and may actually put us at a disadvantage??

  8. Culture and Emotion Gestures and other nonverbal behavior definitely vary across cultures Facial expressions do not vary Emphasis on emotional expression varies widely from culture to culture

  9. Facial Expressions Can adopting a certain facial expression change the way you feel? Research says… Empathy

  10. Experiencing Anger What makes us angry? How should we handle anger?

  11. Experiencing Happiness • What sorts of things make us happy? • Feel-good, do-good phenomenon = when we are feeling happy we are more like to help others • Not too much research on ‘happy’ (called subjective well-being), but it is an area of increasing interest

  12. More Happiness Happiness is relative to our prior experience Our feelings of happiness are also influenced by our perception of the haves and have-nots of other people

  13. What is Stress? Stress is a physiological and behavior response to a threat (stressor) Can Stress ever be a good thing? Prolonged exposure to stress can have detrimental effects on children and adults alike

  14. The History of Stress • Stress has been of interest to philosophers since the early Greeks • Walter Cannon • fight or flight response • Hans Selye • General Adaptation Syndrome • 1) alarm reaction, 2) resistance, 3) exhaustion

  15. Stressful Life Events Catastrophes Significant life Daily Hassles

  16. Perceived Control Feeling out of control compounds our experience of stress and has serious effects on our health Assisted living Poverty

  17. Effects of Stress on the Body • Stress causes a host of physiological changes in the body • Cortisol is one of the hormones released during stress • Prolonged or frequent exposure to cortisol has several harmful effects on the body, especially the heart

  18. Effects of Stress on the Heart • Rates of coronary heart disease and high blood pressure and MUCH higher • Friedman and Rosenman did groundbreaking research in this field and developed a theory of personality • Type A vs. Type B personalities • Other negative emotions like anger and depression can be just as harmful to our health

  19. Stress and the Immune System Psychoneuroimmunology Stress can have two effects on the immune system

  20. Diseases and Stress Stress can speed up the progression of the HIV virus to full-blown AIDS illness Cancers are fueled by stress

  21. Exercise, Good Nutrition, & Sleep! • Aerobic exercise has documented effects on heart health • Exercise is also good do-it-yourself therapy • Proper nutrition also helps keep your body and immune system fit • You really can’t be stressed out while sleeping

  22. Biofeedback and Relaxation • Another approach is to add a stress reduction technique to your exercise routine. • Biofeedback is a tool for controlling processes we don’t normally control • Belly breathing (seriously!)

  23. Social Support • Social support is an extremely effective stress reduction technique • The factors that seems most important in social support are: • A strong sense of belonging • The ability to confide

  24. Spirituality & Faith There is evidence that belonging to a faith-based group or having strong personal faith relates to good health Is this divine intervention?

  25. Exam #2 NEXT Class!

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