Background (1/4)

1. Interconnection and Interoperability APT-ITU workshop on International Telecommunications RegulationsBangkok, 6-8 February 2012Richard Hill, ITU

2. Background (1/4) • Yesterday • 1980’s : “interconnection” covering circuit and packet switched networks, simple fixed end user devices • Today : • “interoperability” largely embodies the concepts of both interconnection and interworking • Interoperability has been one of the more sensitive issues facing ITU since 2008.

3. Background (2/4) • The need to address interoperability is included in Resolutions from the highest organs of the ITU: • Resolution 76 from WTSA 2008 • Resolution 47 from the WTDC 2010 • Resolution 177 from the 2010 ITU Plenipotentiary • Resolution 62 from WRC 2012 (2012) • ITU Council Decisions in 2009, 2010 and 2011.

4. Background (3/4) All agree: Interoperability must happen However: how to get there? Real world: complex mix of de jure, de facto and proprietary standards

5. Background (4/4) • ITU’s conformity & interoperability programme (Resolution 177, Guadalajara) • Conformity assessment programme including conformity database • Interoperability events programme • Human resources capacity building • Assistance in the establishment of test facilities in developing countries

6. Interconnection (1/2) 'Interconnection' shall mean the physical and logical linking of public communications networks used by the same or a different service provider in order to allow the users of one service provider to communicate with users of another service provider, or to access services provided by another service provider” (ITU-T E.800)

7. Interconnection (2/2) Sometimes incumbents have little incentive to allow access to their network/service on reasonable terms Regulatory intervention can lead to a more efficient outcome. Interconnection does not guarantee interoperability

8. Interoperability (1/2) • One of three strategic goals of ITU-T: • “To develop interoperable, non-discriminatory international standards (ITU-T Recommendations)” • Interoperability: “The ability of two or more systems or applications to exchange information and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged” (ITU-T Y.101) • Striving for interoperability is a never ending task • ever-changing technology and operational environment

9. Interoperability (2/2) How to acquire the “big picture” of interoperability? Which standards, regulations, policies and procedures that apply? Who should perform the testing? Self assessment? 3rd party testing? What test results can be released to the public domain?

10. Other pieces in the puzzle (1/2) Conformance testing: “Testing the extent to which an implementation under test is a conforming implementation” (ITU-T X.290) Test suites needed “Conformance testing does not include assessment of the performance nor the robustness or reliability of an implementation. … Thus conformance to a test suite alone cannot guarantee interworking” (ITU-T X.290)

11. Other pieces in the puzzle (2/2) • Operational testing: • Realistic testing of large complex systems; normally performed in situ rather than in off-site labs • a key final step before a system is turned over to a service provider and enters commercial service • Operational testing may reveal the need for modifications over time

12. CWG-WCIT proposals Proposals submitted to CWG-WCIT related to interconnection and interoperability Relevant to Articles 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 b) and c) and 9 of the ITRs No consensus for the time being