Energy Pathways

1. Energy Pathways

2. How the body uses nutrients, fat, carbohydrates, and proteins, to supply the body with the needed energy to perform. • Nutrients are converted to energy in the form of ATP • The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is what makes the muscles contract • Each nutrient has a special way that it gets converted into ATP Sports Nutrition

3. Carbohydrates • main nutrient that fuels exercise of a moderate to high intensity • Proteins • generally used to maintain and repair body tissues • not normally used to power muscle activity • Fats • can fuel low intensity exercise for long periods of time Nutrients

4. Adenosine Triphosphate • Not easily stored • Very small stores in the muscles, used up in just a few seconds • You must have ATP in order to exercise • 2 major ways to convert nutrients to energy • Aerobic metabolism • Anaerobic metabolism • Most often a combination of pathways to create the needed ATP ATP

5. Also called the phosphate system • About 10 seconds worth of energy • Used for short bursts of exercise • Doesn’t require oxygen to create ATP • Uses the stores (2-3 secs) then uses Creatine Phosphate to resynthesize ATP until CP runs out (6-8 secs) • After CP runs out, body either uses aerobic or anaerobic metabolism ATP-CP Anaerobic Energy Pathway

6. Also called glycolysis • Creates ATP exclusively from carbohydrates • Lactic acid being a by-product • Provides energy by the partial breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen • Produces energy for short, high-intensity bursts of activity Anaerobic Metabolism

7. Fuels most of the energy needed for long duration activity • It uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP • Bit slower than the anaerobic systems, relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to the working muscles before it creates ATP • Used primarily during endurance exercise Aerobic Metabolism

8. Nutrients are converted to ATP based upon the intensity of the workout • Fat is a great fuel for endurance events, not adequate for high intensity • At low intensities there is enough fat to fuel exercise for hours or days, as long as there is enough oxygen to metabolize it Fueling the Energy Systems

9. As intensity rises, carbohydrate become dominate • A much better fuel than fat, but with limited stores • Stored carbohydrate can fuel about 2 hours of moderate to high intensity workout • If increased more then you go into anaerobic metabolism Fueling the Energy Systems

10. The process by which your body gets energy from food. • Your metabolic rate increases during exercise. • The number of calories burned depends on the exercise. • You metabolism stays up for a short period after exercise. Metabolism

11. The minimum amount of energy required to maintain the life processes in the body. • Genetic • Can be increased with exercise Basal Metabolism

12. YOUR WEIGHT • If you take in fewer calories than you burn you lose weight. • If you take in more calories than you burn, you gain weight.

13. SKILLS RELATED FITNESS • Agility • The ability to control body movement and change direction quickly • Balance • Being able to stay upright either while standing or moving. • Coordination • The ability to use two or more body parts • Speed • Move a distance or complete a body movement in a short period of time • Reaction Time • The rate of movement once a person realizes they need to move • Power • The ability to use force with great speed