Introduction to Electronic Commerce

1. Unit 1 Unit 1 Objective 8 Notes To Passage A @ Activities On Passage A 8 Notes To Passage B @ Activities On Passage B @ Basic E-commerce Writing & Related Reading : Work online

2. Unit 1 学 习 目 标 Objective: In this unit, you will learn: C What is electronic commerce C Identify the future of electronic commerce C The development of Internet C Basic E-commerce English Writing Focus: The definitions of electronic commerce. Nodus: The evolution of electronic commerce

3. Passage A 1) Broadly speaking, electronic commerce is the production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks. 从广义上来讲，电子商务是指通过电讯网络进行产品的生产、宣传、销售和配送的活动。 4注解：电子商务的定义各有千秋。维基百科(www.wikipedia.com) 上的定义是：从总体上来看，电子商务是指对整个贸易活动实现电子化。从狭义上讲EC (Electronic Commerce)是指在互联网(Internet)、企业内部网(Intranet)和增值网(VAN，Value Added Network)上以电子交易方式进行交易活动和相关服务活动，是传统贸易活动各环节的电子化、网络化。

4. 2) It allows companies to select the best suppliers regardless of their geographical location and to sell to a global market. 它（电子商务）使企业既能挑选最佳供应商进货而无须顾及他们的地理位置，又能将商品向全球市场销售。 4注解：注意介词短语regardless of（不管;不顾）的用法： ◆Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. 他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。试比较: ◆He went to work despite his illness. 尽管生病,他还是去工作。 ◆Despite advanced years, she is learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。

5. 3) Modern business is characterized by ever-increasing supply capabilities, ever-increasing global competition, and ever-increasing customer expectations. 现代贸易的特点是不断增长的供应能力，日趋激烈的全球竞争乃至顾客越来越高的期望。 4注解：掌握动词characterize（具有...的特征,以...为特征）的 用法。例如： ◆A mister is characterized by greed. 守财奴的特点是贪婪。 ◆This kind of behaviour characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。

6. 4) It enables companies to be more efficient and flexible in their internal operations, to work more closely with their suppliers, and to be more responsive to the needs and expectations of their customers. 它（电子商务）能使公司的内部运作更有效率也更灵活，与供应商的合作更加紧密，对顾客的期望和要求响应得更快。 4注解：此句中的三个不定式（to be more….to work……to be more……）均用来补充说明宾语companies的 。 End

7. 1.3.1 Critical thinking 1) What is Electronic Commerce in your eyes? 2) What can you do with Electronic Commerce? 3) Who is Bill Gates? What do you know about him? 4) Is it safe to conduct business on Internet? 5) Have you ever tried to buy things from the Internet? If so, would you like to share your experience with others? @ Activities On Passage A

8. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.1 Give the Chinese equivalents of the following words or expressions: 1) file transfer 文件传输 2) digital cash 电子现金 3) geographical location 地理位置 4) on a global scale 在全球范围内 5) EDI 电子数据交换 6） competition 竞争 7） definition 定义 8） manufacturer 生产商 9） advertising 广告 互动 10） interaction @ Activities On Passage A

9. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.2 Give the English equivalents of the following words or expressions: electronic commerce 1) 电子商务 video conference 2) 视频会议 ever-increasing 3) 不断增长 supplier 4) 供应商 internal operation 5) 内部运营 organization 6) 组织 transaction 7）交易 consumer 8）消费者 efficient 9) 有效率的 flexible 10) 有弹性的 @ Activities On Passage A

10. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.3 Sentence translation from English to Chinese: 1) In another word, electronic commerce is the buying, selling and trading of goods and services through private and public networks. 换句话来说，电子商务是指通过私人或公众网络来买卖或交换货物和服务。 2) First stage of EC expansion is that within the “connected” or “online” computer users. EC的首个发展阶段局限于“连接”或“在线”计算机用户。 3) The second wave will come when more people get access to computers (via lowered computer prices or cheaper devices) 第二个高峰将会在更多人可以通过更低廉的价格或设备连接上计算机的时候来临。 @ Activities On Passage A

11. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.3 Sentence translation from English to Chinese: 4) The third expansion is predicted to be from those with non-computer access to the global network: through broadcast TVs, cable TVs, telephone networks and new appliances. 据预测，电子商务发展的第三次浪潮将会出现在不用电脑就能上网的技术发展方面：比如通过无线电视、有线电视、电话网络及新型的设备上网。 5) A widespread use of these cheaper access media represents the phase of “bringing workplace computers into the living room”. 低廉接入设备的普及标志着 “家庭办公”已跨入了新时代。 @ Activities On Passage A

12. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.4 Sentence translation from Chinese to English 1)电子商务并不局限于在互联网上。(be limited to) Electronic commerce, of course, is not limited to the Internet. 2)电子商务使消费者上网寻找质高价廉的产品。(invites sb to do sth) Electronic commerce invites consumers to surf the web to find the best deals on the quality products. 3) 电子商务的定义将继续发展和延伸。(evolve and expand) The definition of electronic commerce will continue to evolve and expand. @ Activities On Passage A

13. 1.3.2 Translation practice 1.3.2.4 Sentence translation from Chinese to English 4)电子商务也包括了网上买卖，电子资金转账，智能卡、数字货币及类似行为。 （selling over the Web） Electronic commerce also includes buying and selling over the Web, electronic funds transfer, smart cards, digital cash, and all other ways of doing. 5)电子商务是在全球范围内支持这些变化和使之发生的动力。(on a global scale) Electronic commerce is a means of enabling and supporting such changes on a global scale. End @ Activities On Passage A

14. The Evolution Of Electronic Commerce Passage B 1)Till today, EC’s development could be classified into 4 stages, each marked with technological breakthrough. 迄今为止，电子商务的发展可分为4个阶段，每个阶段都标志着技术上的突破。 4注解：each marked with technological breakthrough.是过去分词短语的独立主格结构形式，each是逻辑主语,指each of the 4 stages。 8 Notes To Passage B

15. The Evolution Of Electronic Commerce Passage B 2) However, these developments were impossible if not for the affordable communications infrastructure, including normal telephone lines. 不过，如果没有象普通电话线之类的廉价通讯基础设施，这些发展也是不可能发生的。 4注解：2006年1月17日，中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）在京发布“第十七次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告”。报告显示，截至2005年12月31日，我国上网用户总数突破1亿，为1.11亿人，其中宽带上网人数达到6430万人。这些是与各电信运营商在基础建设方面的大量投入分不开的。 8 Notes To Passage B

16. The Evolution Of Electronic Commerce Passage B 3) The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge." -- Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web. 万维网是在线的无穷尽的信息总汇，是人类知识的结晶。Tim Berners-Lee,万维网的发明者之一。 4注解：万维网（World Wide Web，缩写为WWW）是因特网上的超文件系统。超文本文件通过一个称为“网页浏览器”的程序从服务器（或称“网站”）获取信息（或称“文档”、“档案”、“网页”），并在您的电子计算机屏幕上显现出来。您可以通过网页中的超级链接来在各个网页中间跳跃，甚至可以像服务器回传信息互动交流。这种跟随超级链接的上网方式通常被称为“网上冲浪”。 End 8 Notes To Passage B

17. 1.6 Activities 1.6.1 Tell whether the following statements are (T) or false (F) F T T T F @ Activities On Passage B

18. 1.6 Activities 1.6.2 Match the English on the right with Chinese on the left End @ Activities On Passage B

19. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.1 Indented Style 缩行式 Indented style is easier to read. But it is rarely used in business. It is a slightly less formal modification of full block format. Some people still use it for hand written personal letters.  1.7.1.1 Features of the indented format include: 4Your address is on the right hand side of the page 4The date is on the right. 4The closing, signature, and printed name are all indented to the right half of the page. 4The greeting is flush left. 4The first line of each paragraph is indented, it starts 1 cm from the margin. 4A line is not placed between each paragraph.  @ Basic E-commerce Writing

20. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.1.2 Here is an example of a letter written in an indented style: 56 Yango Rd BROGALA VIC 3321 20 October 1998 45 Carlton St. GREENS CAPE VIC 3467 Dear Greg, It was great to hear from you. I cannot believe you will be turning 40 next month. I can remember our high school days so well. My wife and I would be delighted to come to your 40th birthday party. We are really looking forward to it. Regards John @ Basic E-commerce Writing

21. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.2 Full-block Style 全齐头式 The commonest layout for the business letter today is known as the blocked style. It is considered the most formal. In this style all new lines of typing are ranged to the left, all text starts at the left margin. 1.7.2.1 Features of full-blocked format include: 4All text starts at the left margin 4No punctuation in the addresses 4No punctuation in the greeting 4No punctuation in the farewell 4Inside address, salutation, closing and signature are all on the left 4An empty line separates each paragraph 4Four spaces for the signature @ Basic E-commerce Writing

22. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.2.2 Here is an example of a letter written in a full-blocked style: Radio Products 123 Main Rd COVILLE VIC 3241 16 October 1998 Rosa Bellafiore General Television Services 234 Grand Ave MONTPELLIER NSW 2345 Dear Ms Bellafiore, Thank you for your inquiry about our radio communications software. I am enclosing our brochure and price list of our products. Our communications products are widely used and have a proven record of value for money and reliability. If you have further questions, please contact us. Yours sincerely Jane Broker @ Basic E-commerce Writing

23. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.3 Semi-block Style 混合式/半齐头式 This format is a combination of indented style and block style, all the paragraphs are blocked against the left margin except letter heading, date, complimentary close and signature to the right of the center of the paper. 1.7.3.1 Features of a modified block format include: 4Your address is on the right hand side of the page 4There is no punctuation in the addresses 4The date is on the right hand side of the page 4The farewell is on the right hand side of the page 4An empty line separates each paragraph 4Inside address, salutation and body parts all start at the left margin @ Basic E-commerce Writing

24. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.3.2 Here is an example of a letter written in a modified blocked style: 3303 West Valley Cove Round Rock, Texas 78664 August 5, 1990 Personnel Assistant JD Employee Credit Bank of Texas P.O. Box 32345 Austin, Texas 78745 Dear Personnel Assistant: I am writing about your newspaper ad in the August 1 Austin-American Statesman concerning your need for an experienced programmer in the database environment. I believe that I have the qualifications and experience that you are looking for. Enclosed you will find a resume, which will give you additional information on my background and qualifications. I would welcome a chance to talk further with you about the position you are seeking to fill. I can be reached by phone between 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. at (512) 545-0098. Sincerely, Virginia Rementeria Encl.: resume @ Basic E-commerce Writing

25. Format of Commerce Letters 商务信件格式 1.7.4 Writing Practice 1) Try to answer the following questions: a)Based on what we have learned, which is the most formal format for a letter? Full-Block b)If paragraphs are indented, where will the signature be? Aligned under the date c)If the date is flush right, where is the inside address in indented style? Flush left 2) Discuss the characteristic of the three letter styles you have learned. 3) Write a letter to Mr. Johnson, invite him to attend the anniversary of your nine years of business enterprise, use a proper format and sign your own name. End @ Basic E-commerce Writing

26. The Internet The Basic Technology Of E-commerce Today, the Internet is an enormous network of millions of computers allowing constant communication throughout the world. It includes: the World Wide Web, electronic mail (e-mail), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and USENET (news service). The World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that most users see and use and which has made it so popular. The web continues to grow at an absolutely incredible rate. Technology has improved to such an extent that the web is now considered to be indispensable for education, business and entertainment. There are billions of pages on the web and thousands more are added every hour.  E-MailAnyone can apply for an e-mail address and send and receive messages from their computer. The main benefit is the almost instantaneous delivery of messages. An e-mail to the other side of the world takes a few seconds. You can also sign up to automatically receive newsletters and other information, delivered directly to your computer. & Related Reading

27. The Internet The Basic Technology Of E-commerce File Transfer ProtocolWeb pages are transferred between computers using the HTTP protocol, with other types of files sent using FTP. Users can share files, such as music and videos between themselves and the rest of the world by uploading them to a server and then allowing others to download them to their own computers. Internet Relay ChatIRC is a service allowing you to connect to your chosen channel and talk to others with the same interests. By downloading an appropriate programme, you can start chatting right away. USENETUSENET (Unix User Network) is a system of bulletin boards whereby messages and points of view can be posted to be read and replied to. Similar to IRC, all sorts of topics are discussed and a wide range of groups take part.There is no doubt that the Internet will have an increasing influence on the world in future. End & Related Reading

28. 1.9 Work online Visit the following famous websites through the Internet and try to learn more features of e-commerce: • http://www.business.beijing.com • 2) http://www.chinaec-index.com • 3) http://www.amazon.com This is the end of Unit 1 : Work online