1 / 73

Splash Screen

Splash Screen. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Constantinople SECTION 2 Justinian I SECTION 3 The Church SECTION 4 Decline of the Empire CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT. Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

hiroshi-miura
Télécharger la présentation

Splash Screen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Splash Screen

  2. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1Constantinople SECTION 2Justinian I SECTION 3The Church SECTION 4Decline of the Empire CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents

  3. Overview • Chapter 21 describes the Byzantine Empire from the founding of Constantinople to the Turkish conquest.  • Section 1 describes Constantinople as the “New Rome.”  • Section 2 discusses the Byzantine contributions to government and law.  • Section 3 discusses the effects of Orthodox Christianity on Byzantine and eastern European culture.  • Section 4 traces the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 1

  4. Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • explain why the Byzantine Empire survived and prospered for 1,000 years.  • discuss why Constantinople was important to the empire.  • describe the Eastern Orthodox Church and the role it played in the Byzantine Empire.  • summarize causes of the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 2

  5. Read to Discover • Why the Byzantine Empire survived and prospered for 1,000 years  • Why Constantinople was important to the empire  • What role the Eastern Orthodox Church played in the Byzantine Empire  • What forces helped bring about the decline of the Byzantine Empire Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 317 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 2

  6. Terms to Learn People to Know • relics  • Constantine I  • theology  • Greek fire  • icons  • Justinian  • Theodora  • Leo III Places to Locate • Constantinople  • Byzantium  • Hagia Sophia Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. Chapter Focus 3

  7. Why It’s Important Emperor Constantine I moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople about 330. About 100 years later, the Roman empire in the West fell. The Roman Empire in the East, however, survived and prospered. It became known as the Byzantine Empire. Its people were called Byzantines. The Byzantines built a civilization based on a blend of Greek, Roman, and Christian ideas. The empire in the East survived for several reasons. Constantinople was a mighty fortress that needed few soldiers to defend it. This freed soldiers to protect other areas of the empire. The empire’s wealth supported a large army and was used to payinvaderstomovefartherandfartherwest. Click the Speaker On button to replay the audio. Chapter Focus 4

  8. End of Chapter Focus

  9. Constantinople • When Constantine first chose the old Greek city of Byzantium as the place for his new capital, he was aware of its advantages.  • Byzantium was located near a waterway between the Black and Aegean seas.  • It was located at the crossroads of the trading routes between Europe and Asia.  • Invaders would not easily be able to take the new capital. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 317 of your textbook. Section 1-1

  10. Constantinople(cont.) • Byzantium, renamed Constantinople, took over four years to build and was modeled after Rome except that it was aChristian city.  • Government and church leaders gathered relics, or valued holy objects from the past, to be placed in public monuments, palaces, and churches.  • About 600,000 people lived in Constantinople during Constantine’s rule. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2

  11. Section Assessment Why did Constantine choose Byzantium as the site for the empire’s new capital? He chose this location because it lay at the crossroads of the trading routes between Europe and Asia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 1

  12. Section Assessment (cont.) How could the influence of Christianity be seen in the city? Possible responses include: dedicated to God by Constantine, influence of Church leaders on Constantine and everyday life, presence of many churches and relics, and efforts by individuals and organizations to help the needy Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 2

  13. Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned JudgmentIn your opinion, what were some of the good things about living in Constantinople? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 3

  14. Section Assessment (cont.) Recreate the diagram on page 319 of your textbook, and use it to compare the cities of Rome and Constantinople. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 4

  15. End of Section 1

  16. Justinian I • After Constantine died, his sons, generals, and emperors ruled the empire.  • Finally, in 527, a strong, Macedonian ruler named Justinian came to the throne. He came to be considered the greatest Byzantine emperor. • Justinian was well trained in the army, law, music, architecture, and theology, or the study of religion. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 320 of your textbook. Section 2-1

  17. Theodora • Justinian’s wife, the empress and actress Theodora, was a great help to him.  • Theodora helped fill political offices and convinced Justinian to allow women more rights.  • Women finally were allowed to own land equal in value to their dowry, or the wealth they brought with them when they married.  • In 532, a revolt arose by protesters of high taxes, who were prepared to crown a new emperor. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

  18. Theodora (cont.) • Theodora urged Justinian to stay, and together they crushed the uprising. Section 2-3

  19. Law and Public Works • Justinian chose ten men to work out a simpler and better legal system.  • Tribonian developed a legal code, known as the Justinian Code, that became the law of the land. • Another of Justinian’s greatest accomplishments was the church called Hagia Sophia, or “Holy Wisdom.”  • The church had a gold altar and colorful mosaics, or pictures made up of many bits of colored glass or stone, everywhere. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4

  20. Law and Public Works (cont.) • Hagia Sophia, later called St. Sophia, served the Byzantine Empire for more than 900 years and still stands today. Section 2-5

  21. Conquest • Justinian appointed an officer named Belisarius to reorganize and lead the Byzantine army to help reunite the eastern and western parts of the empire.  • Belisarius set up loyal and heavily armed cavalry soldiers and developed a series of battle moves that greatly strengthened the army’s striking power. • During this time, the first secret weapon in history, called Greek fire, was developed. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

  22. Conquest (cont.) • Greek fire was a chemical mixture that ignited when it came into contact with water. Its exact formula is still unknown.  • With army improvements and Greek fire, the Byzantines were able to control more of the Mediterranean.  • The Byzantines also won back much of Italy and North Africa, defeated the Persians, and ensured the security of the empire’s eastern borders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

  23. Section Assessment How did Justinian feel about the old system of Roman laws? What did he do about it? He felt that it was too complicated and disorganized; he chose 10 men to work out a better system. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 1

  24. Section Assessment (cont.) What was Justinian’s goal for the Byzantine Empire? His goal was to reunite its eastern and western parts and restore Rome’s glory and power. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 2

  25. Section Assessment (cont.) Making Inferences What do you think Justinian would say about the state of the American legal system today? Explain. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 3

  26. Section Assessment (cont.) Recreate the diagram on page 324 of your textbook, and use it to write and support a generalization about Theodora’s role as empress. Generalizations and supporting details will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 4

  27. End of Section 2

  28. The Church • Church and government worked closely together in the Byzantine Empire.  • The leader of the Church in Constantinople was called the Patriarch, chosen by the emperor.  • Under him were the metropolitans, or church officials in charge of the empire’s important areas.  • Some missionaries, including a man named Cyril, traveled among the Slavs, a people who had settled in eastern Europe. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3 begins on page 342 of your textbook. Section 3-1

  29. The Church (cont.) • Religion was very important to the Byzantines and the use of icons, or religious images used in worship, became controversial for over 100 years.  • In 726, Emperor Leo III ordered a stop to the use of icons, but in 843, the emperor once again allowed their use. • The fight over icons damaged the empire’s relations with western Europe. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-2

  30. The Church (cont.) • The Pope broke his ties with the Byzantine emperor and turned to the Frankish kings for military protection.  • This and other disputes helped pave the way for the break between Western and Eastern Christianity in 1054. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-3

  31. Section Assessment What role did Christianity play in the Byzantine empire? Christianity was the official religion and the emperor was head of the church and the government. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 1

  32. Section Assessment (cont.) What were some of the contributions of monasteries to Byzantine society and culture? Sample contributions include: they helped the poor, ran hospitals and schools for needy children, sent missionaries to neighboring lands to keep the peace, translated parts of the Bible into several eastern European languages, and developed the Cyrillic alphabet. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 2

  33. Section Assessment (cont.) Making Inferences Why do you think the Slavs needed an alphabet that was different from the one used in the Byzantine Empire? Answers will vary. Note that the missionaries would be able to convert the Slavs much more easily if they were not associated with the Byzantine Empire. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 3

  34. Section Assessment (cont.) Recreate the diagram on page 326 of your textbook, and use it to show the causes and effects of conflicts between the Pope in Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople. Causes include icons and the power of the Pope. Effects include the Pope’s break with the Byzantine emperor and the ties forged with Frankish kings. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 4

  35. End of Section 3

  36. Decline of the Empire • The Byzantine Empire lasted for about 1,100 years.  • Forces from both inside and outside the empire led to the downfall of the Byzantine Empire. • Early Byzantine farmers served in the army in return for land, but when they lost their land they had little reason to join the army.  • The empire also began to have problems with trade. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4 begins on page 326 of your textbook. Section 4-1

  37. Decline of the Empire (cont.) • Meanwhile, when Christians from the West and Muslims from the East attacked the empire, Asia Minor was lost to these invaders.  • The population dropped to less than 100,000, and when Turkish armies attacked Constantinople in 1453, they easily conquered the Byzantines. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-2

  38. Section Assessment What problems within the Byzantine Empire helped bring about its decline? The emperor stopped protecting farmers from rich landlords; aristocrats then took over the farmers’ properties, and the farmers lost their loyalty. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 1

  39. Section Assessment (cont.) What outside forces helped cause the empire’s downfall? Venetian merchants gained control of most of the empire’s trade, and the empire was attacked by Christians and Muslims. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 2

  40. Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment Do you think the Byzantine emperor was wise in asking Venice for help against the Vikings? Why or why not? Answers will vary. It is possible that it was wise because the Byzantine Empire could not defend itself against the Vikings. It may have been unwise because it led to the Venetian control of most of the empire’s trade. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 3

  41. Section Assessment (cont.) Recreate the diagram on page 328 of your textbook, and use it to show Byzantine contributions to world civilization. Contributions include: established Constantinople, preserved the Greek culture, preserved Roman law, spread Christianity to peoples in the East, spurred the growth if trade, and developed new techniques in art. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 4

  42. End of Section 4

  43. Chapter Summary & Study Guide • Around 330, Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople, the site of the old Greek city of Byzantium.  • After the fall of Rome, the Roman Empire in the East became known as the Byzantine Empire. • Although Constantine patterned much of life in Constantinople after Rome, his acceptance of Christianity also helped shape the city. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 1

  44. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • When Justinian became emperor in 527, he was influenced in some of his decisions by the empress Theodora, who favored increased women’s rights.  • Two of Justinians’ greatest achievements were development of a system of law known as the Justinian Code and construction of Hagia Sophia. • Under Justinian, Belisarius reorganized the Byzantine army and expanded the empire’s borders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 2

  45. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • Relations between the Pope and the Patriarch were weakened by the argument over icons, by the patriarch’s refusal to recognize the Pope as the head of the Church, and by the Pope’s crowning of Charlemagne as emperor.  • Both internal problems and outside forces weakened the Byzantine Empire, which was conquered by Turkish armies in 1453. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 3

  46. End of Chapter Summary

  47. Understanding the Main Idea Why did the Roman Empire in the East survive the fall of Rome? Most Christians were united; Constantinople was strong and supported a large army and paid invaders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 1

  48. Understanding the Main Idea How did Constantinople’s location help it become a great trading center? This location gave Constantinople control of the sea trade to the Mediterranean and a key land route. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 2

  49. Understanding the Main Idea How did Christianity affect Byzantine attitudes toward the care of needy people? The Byzantines formed organizations to care for the poor. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 3

  50. Understanding the Main Idea How did Theodora help women within the Byzantine Empire? She convinced Justinian to allow a wife to own land and widows to raise children. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 4

More Related