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Dynamic Energy Budget Theory

Dynamic Energy Budget Theory. Tânia Sousa with contributions from : Bas Kooijman. How to obtain DEB parameters ?. How to obtain DEB parameters : collect data for that species. Life-stages : Egg Larvae (V1 morph?) Juvenile Adult Growth curves Spawning season.

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Dynamic Energy Budget Theory

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  1. DynamicEnergy Budget Theory Tânia Sousa withcontributionsfrom : Bas Kooijman

  2. How to obtain DEB parameters?

  3. How to obtain DEB parameters: collect data for thatspecies • Life-stages: • EggLarvae (V1 morph?)JuvenileAdult • Growth curves Spawning season

  4. DEB TheoryonParameterValues: ScalesofLife Feeding ME- Reserve Mobilisation Assimilation Offspring MER Maturity Maintenance Reproduction Growth Somatic Maintenance Maturation MV - Structure MH - Maturity

  5. DEB TheoryonParameterValues: ScalesofLife • “A comparisonoftheenergeticsofdifferentspecies, rangingfrombacteria to whalesisreduced in DEB theory to a comparisonof sets ofdifferentparameters” Feeding ME- Reserve Mobilisation Assimilation Offspring MER Maturity Maintenance Reproduction Growth Somatic Maintenance Maturation MV - Structure MH - Maturity

  6. A widespreadbiologicalempiricalfact:Kleiber’sLaw • Metabolism (respiration or heat production) as a function of mass • Metabolism increases with weight raised to the power 3/4 • Max Kleiber originally formulated this basic relationship back in the 1930s. Whatistherelationshipbetweenspecificmetabolismandweight?

  7. DEB TheoryonParameterValues: ScalesofLife 1 – Bluewhale 2 – T-Rex 13 – Komododragon 16 – Cyanea (jellyfish) 24 - Largestflower 26 – sequoia BrookesiaMicraChameleon Etruscanshrew

  8. DEB TheoryonParameterValues • Constant Primary Parameters

  9. DEB TheoryonParameterValues • Constant Primary Parameters: similar across (related) species and independent of size because they characterize biochemical processes that are similar across species: • Cellsofequalsizehave similar growth, maintenanceandmaturationcosts, i.e., are similar • Thechemicalcompositionof reserve andstructureis similar acrossspecies, i.e., V, E, [MV] • Energypartioningofenergymobilizedfrom reserves isdoneatthelevelofsomaticandreproductivecells, i.e., issimilar • Twoindividualsofdifferentbutrelatedspecieswiththesamesizeand reserve densityhave similar metabolicneeds, i.e., is similar • Empirical support: Cells are very similar independent of size of the organism

  10. TheoryonParameterValues • Design Primary Parameters:

  11. Design Primary Parameters: depend on the maximum length, Lm, of the species Cellsofequalsizehave similar specificmaturationthresholds, i.e., and are proportional to Lm3. TheoryonParameterValues

  12. TheoryonParameterValues • Itallowsus to make a firstroughestimationof DEB parametersknowing Lm andtheparametersof a referencespecies

  13. TheoryonParameterValues Parameters for a reference animal with Lm=1cm What are thevalues for DEB parameters for an animal with Lm=1 m? Kooijman 1986 J. Theor. Biol. 121: 269-282

  14. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • The relationshipbetweenmaximumsizesisthe zoom factor: • For thethresholdsofmaturityatbirthandmaturityatpuberty:

  15. TheoryonParameterValues Parameters for a reference animal with Lm=1cm What are thevalues for DEB parameters for an animal with Lm=1 m? Kooijman 1986 J. Theor. Biol. 121: 269-282 Somethingmissing?

  16. TheoryonParameterValues Parameters for a reference animal with Lm=1cm and TREF=293 K What are thevalues for DEB parameters for an animal with Lm=1 m andT=308K? Kooijman 1986 J. Theor. Biol. 121: 269-282

  17. TheoryonParameterValues:Compoundparameters • Whatistherelationshipbetweenthefollowingcompoundparametersfor relatedspecies? • - maximumlength • maximum reserve density

  18. TheoryonParameterValues: Compoundparameters • All othercompoundparametersdependon Lmonpredictableways • Whatistherelationshipbetweenthefollowingparametersfor relatedspecies? • - maximumlength • maximum reserve density

  19. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • Interspecies comparisons are done for: • Fullygrownorganism • Abundantfood f(X)=1 • NullheatinglengthLT=0

  20. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • Interspecies comparisons are done for: • Fullygrownorganism • Abundantfood f(X)=1 • Nullheatinglength LT=0 • Howdo feedingandreproduction rates dependon Lm for relatedspecies? ?

  21. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • Interspecies comparisons are done for: • Fullygrownorganism • Abundantfood f(X)=1 • Nullheatinglength LT=0 • Howdo feedingandreproduction rates dependon Lm for relatedspecies? ?

  22. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • Interspecies comparisons are done for: • Fullygrownorganism • Abundantfood f(X)=1 • Nullheatinglength LT=0 • Howdo feedingandreproduction rates dependon Lm for relatedspecies?

  23. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • How do feedingandreproduction rates dependon Lfor thesamespecies?

  24. TheoryonParameterValues: Flows • How do feedingandreproduction rates dependon Lfor thesamespecies?

  25. Why does sizematter?

  26. Why does sizematter? • Energeticsdependonparametervaluesandparametervaluesdependonsize

  27. Why does sizematter? • Energeticsdependonparametervaluesandparametervaluesdependonsize • Whatelsematters?

  28. DEB Body SizeScalingRelations • VonBertallanffygrowth rate

  29. DEB Body SizeScalingRelations • Metabolic rate (measuredby O2orheatproduction)

  30. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareasand volume Feeding ME- Reserve Mobilisation Assimilation Offspring MER Maturity Maintenance Reproduction Growth Somatic Maintenance Maturation MV - Structure MH - Maturity

  31. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareas (acquisition processes) and volume (maintenance processes) • The cyanobacterial colony Merismopedia • Colony is one cell layer thick

  32. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareas (acquisition processes) and volume (maintenance processes) • The cyanobacterial colony Merismopedia • Colony is one cell layer thick • What would be your prediction?

  33. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareas (acquisition processes) and volume (maintenance processes) • The cyanobacterial colony Merismopedia • Colony is one cell layer thick • What would be your prediction?

  34. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareas (acquisition processes) and volume (maintenance processes) • DynoflagellateCeratium(marine phytoplancton) • Rigid cell wall that does not grow (internal growth at the expense of vacuoles)

  35. Energetics: the importance of shape • Twoaspectsofshape are relevant for energetics: surfaceareas (acquisition processes) and volume (maintenance processes) • DynoflagellateCeratium(marine phytoplancton) • Rigid cell wall that does not grow (internal growth at the expense of vacuoles) • What would be your prediction?

  36. Energetics: the importance of shape • “An exact isometric relationship between two animals occurs when all linear body dimensions scale up or down by the same multiplier. When height doubles, arm length doubles, distance between the eyes doubles. But, volume will increase to 8 times the original volume and surface area will increase to 4 times the original value.” AL2 • VL3

  37. Energetics: the importance of shape • Shapedefines howthesemeasures relate to eachother • An individual that does notchange in shapeduringgrowthisanisomorph, i.e., • For isomorphsitispossible to makeassertionsaboutareasand volumes basedonlengthsonly AL2 • VL3

  38. Change in body shape Chorthippus biguttulus Psammechinusmiliaris • Isomorph: surfaceareaproportional to volume2/3 • V0-morph: surfaceareaproportional to volume0 • the dinoflagelateCeratium with a rigid cell wall • V1-morph: surfaceareaproportional to volume1 • The cyanobacterial colony Merismopedia

  39. Energetics: the importance of shape • To judge weather or not an organism is isomorphic, we need to compare shapes at different sizes. • Are these organisms isomorphic? • Sphere with an increasing diameter: • Rectangle with constant width and high and an increasing length:

  40. Shape correction function • For non-isomorphsthesurface V2/3(theisomorphicsurfacearea) shouldbereplacedbythe real surfacearea = • Whereistheshapecorrectionfunction volume • Shape correction function for: • Isomorph: • V0-morph: where vdisthe volume atwhichthesurfaceareaisequal to thesurfaceareaofanisomorph • V1-morph:

  41. Measurements vs. DEB variables • Physical length • whereisthevolumetriclengthandtheshapecoefficient • What are theshapecoefficientsof a spherewith a diameterofand a cube withlength? • Physical volume • Weight

  42. Exercises • What wouldbetheexpression for a parameterthatistheequivalentof ()for thesomaticmaintenanceassociatedwith volume? • Suggestions: • Write as a functionof

  43. Exercises • What wouldbetheexpression for a parameterthatistheequivalentof ()for thesomaticmaintenanceassociatedwith volume? - energyspent in themaintenanceofstructurebuiltwith 1 unitof reserve energy per unit time - energyspent in themaintenanceofmaturitybuiltwith 1 unitof reserve energy per unit time

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