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HERON: Projected precision & plans

HERON: Projected precision & plans. Real time PP & 7 Be solar n flux studies. n x + e  n x + e. Meat: Test stellar models by PP luminosity in n ’s. Gravy: > Improve knowledge of sin 2 Θ 12 , Θ 13 > Test MSW-LMA P ee (E n )

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HERON: Projected precision & plans

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  1. HERON: Projected precision & plans Real time PP & 7Be solar n flux studies nx + e  nx + e Meat: Test stellar models by PP luminosity in n’s Gravy: > Improve knowledge of sin2 Θ12 , Θ13 > Test MSW-LMA Pee(En ) > ‘MaVan’; other new physics ( e.g., mn )? Requires unprecedented control of systematics (< 1 - 3%) & large samples R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  2. General Properties • Total Helium mass 22 tonnes at 50mK. • No internal backgnd (superfluid self-cleaning). • Scintillation/rotons or Scintillation/e-bubbles. (complement & redundancy) • Scintillation: 35% of Ee into 16 eV UV ( lRayl. > 200 meter; self-transparent ). • Detection:2400wafer calorimeters above liquid. • Event location: coded aperture array; few cm.). • Fiducial volume variable: 2.5 evts/(day-tonne) LMA (pp+Be) Ee > 45 keV . • Helium immune to muon spallation/capture. • External gamma backgrounds control : Deep site & Shielding Material select + moderator solid N2 Gamma physics in Helium  n-Comptons Event signature (coded aperture) Fiducial cuts n R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  3. CRYOSTAT & MODERATOR Coded aperture wafer array Helium fiducial & non-fiducial volumes Inner copper cryostat Solid N2 in acrylic moderator cells R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  4. Estimating precision for flux measurement Role of coded aperture: Distinguishes point sources from distributed sources by likelihood (scintillation photons pattern & no. of drifted recoil e-bubble) Measures event energy calorimetrically (photons) Measures point source position accurately (photons with cruder check from e-bubble) Quantities for extended LL separation of bckgnd, pp & Be: Energy spectra ( E ) Event spatial distributions ( Z, R2 ) Point-like source quality factors ( LL, “ddL”(norm. LL)) Restriction of number drifted e’s detected ( “<3 over 5 keV” ) R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  5. Resolutions: Energy Spatial Resolutions (sigma) for Ee > 45 keV In fid. vol. 60 cm beyond fid. vol. X 1.62 cm2.1 cm Y 1.54 cm1.7 cm Z 2.46 cm0.4 cm (top), 6.0 cm (bott.) “Standard” fiducial vol. (54 m3): R < 250 cm; -187.5 < Z < 87.5 cm R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  6. High level cuts (Erecoil>45keV; R2; Z; ne<3) “Standard” (8T) “Large” (11T) High level cuts (% bckgnd remain ) > Ne(5keV) < 3  33.3 % > Efit > 45 keV  17.1 % > Std. Fid.  1.25% Need to construct pdf’s and understand possible correlations R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  7. Simulating multi-year experiments Major computational task: > GEANT simulation of radioactive chains through detector. (U/Th, K, cosmogenics from cryostat, acrylic, nitrogen with activities from bb , SNO, KamLAND ) > Full coded aperture-based reconstruction of all events in He. (Y.H. Huang) >To save computation time: analytic methods as much as possible. ( 4.5 years-equivalent of backgrounds) > Evaluate later small non-analytic effects (UV multiple reflections ) > Construct p.d.f.’s of measured variables ( E, R2, Z, LL, DDL ) > Create large pool of bckgnd, pp & Be for creating “data” mixes to test signal extraction procedures. R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  8. Z R2 DDL (norm. C.A.) E LL (raw C.A.) Available PDF’s (7Be --Bckgnd --PP -- ) R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  9. Procedures for flux extraction: • Data rates: • Signal: PP=1.85 Be=0.64 events/day-tonne • for dm2 = 7.9x10 -5eV2 sin2Q12 = 0.31 • Background: 5.16 events/day-tonne • Apply extended-LL method for 8 tonne and 11 tonne: • extLL = - ( Npp + NBe + NBkg ) + Sln( NppPpp(vj) + NBePBe(vj) + NBkgPBkg(vj) ) • ( P(vj) are pdf’s for either vj = E, LL, R2, Z or ddL) j • Find solutions, errors and correlations among all 5 pdfs • and two different fiducial volumes. R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  10. HERON Error Budget(s) EVENTS: 1350 467 3769 5400 1868 15076 27000 9340 75380 • Provides independent channels to PP, Be (& ntotal)flux with high precision. • Check: Independent of fiducial volume over range of volumes. R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  11. Comparison of different size fiducial volumes: 7Be tot. nu PP R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  12. Chi-sqr/DF (1000 simul.) Single 5-yr Modulation by eccentricity of annual Solar orbit (1000 simulations Bckgnd, pp & Be) Single 5-yr Eccentricity (1000 simul.) 1.67 R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  13. Summary, Plans and Conclusions: • On basis of prototype experiments & simulations predict • performance sufficient to measure PP flux to <1.5% , 7Be to <4% • and meet other physics goals if full scale HERON were to be built. • Still need to wrap-up experiments on e-bubbles; further simulation details. • Essential – and major – next step: Engineer & build a large scale prototype. • Need to know if superfluid design of this type can be built & costed. • Scale version a cryogenic engineering task of significant complexity & cost. • Not within the capability of university groups alone. • Community has very exciting future program in n physics: • Attested by long list of particle/nuclear topics, priorities, $$’s. • Presently, testing the solar model with n’s a very tough sell. • Our decision, reluctantly: • Do not pursue the large scale prototype at this time. • Wrap-up present experiments. • Mothball the project and archive. Very good documentation: >20 publications, 7 PhD theses on physics processes R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  14. Supplemental slides on HERON not covered in this talk R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  15. Detection of PP and 7Be Solar Neutrino Elastic Scattering in Superfluid Helium H. Eguchi, Y.H. Huang, Y.H. Kim, R.E. Lanou H.J. Maris, A.N. Mocharnuck, G.M. Seidel, B. Sethumadhavan and W. Yao Department of Physics, Brown University With collaboration on wafer calorimetry by: C. Enss, A. Fleischmann and J. Schonefeld Kirchhoff Institut, Universitat Heidelberg S.R. Bandler (NASA-Goddard) and S. Romaine (CfA-Harvard) With collaboration on engineering & computation on simulations : K.T. Lesko and A.W. Poon Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  16. Sketch of possible space configuration for HERON (6000mwe) Elevation ROCK • Detector constructed in situ. • Cavity clean room status in assembly. Control room & electronics ROCK 10 Liquefiers, pumps & aux. power DRIFT 40 ROCK 6 Storage for He(140kl) & N2(186kl) ROCK 8 Plan View 14 DRIFT INNER CRYOSTAT ROCK N2 CRYOSTAT 10 WATER CAVITY Aux. Equip. & gas panels DIMENSIONS IN METERS R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

  17. WAFER SENSITIVITY ( single 16 eV photons and e-bubble/phonons) • Progress on metallic magnetic sensors for use on wafers: • MMS’s were developed at Brown and Heidelberg for astrophysics. • New results from Heidelberg collaborators. Last year at LowNu-III (9.6 eV) April ‘03 New world record 3.4 eV for energy dispersive resolution. (Implications for a CNO expt. with 7Li)

  18. Results allow simulation of full scale wafer performance: • Sapphire wafer 10x10x0.04 cm • Metallic magnetic sensor (Er:Au) @ 50 gauss • Single 16 eV photon: • factor 15 (20 mK) • above thermal & SQUID noise • factor 4 (30 mK) • Sensitivity good; decay time needs work. Progress on scaling up to heat capacity of full scale wafers: • At LowNu-III: • Expt. to measure physics quantities for scale-up • Energy transfer processes • (electron-phonon, athermal/thermal, Kapitiza) • Relative heat capacities • Thermal links time constants Prototype mass scale-up expt,

  19. ELECTRON DRIFT IN SUPERFLUID HELIUM (”e-bubbles”) • What is the fate of the recoil electron in the superfluid & can we use it? • Unusual but well established properties of e – in liquid 4He ( Sanders, Reif, Packard, Donnelly, Rayfield, Williams, Landau, Fetter ---- ) • Stopped e - trapped in “bubble”-void: • Pauli principle; high zero point energy ( 1 eV ). • R ~ 18 Å • ~500 He atoms displaced. F = M* a • M* ~ 243 mHe a = +2g ! • If un-impeded would rise to surface ala “anti- free-fall”. • Held at free surface by image charge potential unless released. • Some considerations on velocities & releasing: • Thermal phonons, 3He limit attainable velocity. v(T). • In superfluid, vortex generation limits to < 40 m/s. • Modest electric fields can control velocity and release charges at surface. • Can we make use of this and why would we want to? • Use in conjunction with scintillation fast trigger and event signature. • e – from n event in single wafer vs. multi-wafer for distributed Compton bckgnds. • Time delay & wafer hits give redundant position info. • e – signal can be made larger than roton signal. A comparison of alternatives.

  20. from B. Sethumadhavan poster

  21. from B. Sethumadhavan poster

  22. From Y.H. Huang seminar

  23. From Y.H. Huang seminar

  24. R. E Lanou @Santa Fe

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