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Geoscience

Geoscience. Day starters. How much food and drink is allowed in B113? No food, some drink (tile floor) c. Water and snacks No food or drink d. Bottled water only When are you tardy? Not in room with bell c. Not at table when test starts

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Geoscience

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  1. Geoscience Day starters

  2. How much food and drink is allowed in B113? • No food, some drink (tile floor) c. Water and snacks • No food or drink d. Bottled water only • When are you tardy? • Not in room with bell c. Not at table when test starts • Not in chair when Mr. Monroe starts talking d. Both “a” and “c” • What is the rule with electronic devices? • None, EVER!!! c. None, except as Mr. Monroe approves or askes • Quiet i-pod only d. Phones on vibrate • Where is your appropriate location when the bell rings? • In the room c. At the door • In your chair d. There is a bell??? • How many science classes do we need to graduate? • Three c. Four • Five d. Six

  3. What is the circumference of the Earth? • 10,000 kilometers c. 20,000 miles • 40,000 kilometers d 40,000,000 meters • e both “b” and “d” • Which tardy causes a call home to a parent? • First c. Second • Third d. Fourth • Which tardy results in a lunch detention? • First c. Second • Third d. Fourth • How many times can you retake a quiz? • Once c. Twice • As many times as it takes to get it right d. We can retake quizzes? • Blake Athay lived in what state, prior to moving here? • Mississippi c. Canada • Nevada d. South Carolina • Shea was using a cell phone in class while waiting for bell. Mr. Monroe can • Look in envy c…Take it • Ignore it d. Who??

  4. What is the circumference of the Earth? • 10,000 kilometers c. 20,000 miles • 40,000 kilometers d 40,000,000 meters • e both “b” and “d” • How many meters in a kilometer? • a 10 c. 100 • b. 1,000 d. .1 • How many centimeters in one meter? • 10 c. 100 • b. 1,0000 d. .1 • How many opening days has Lincoln Southwest had? • a. Nine c. Ten • b. Eleven d. Twelve • What is the main prey animal of a silverhawk? • _______________________________________

  5. Over the course of their lifetimes, trees will do what to the level of gasses in the atmosphere? • Nothing, O2 and CO2 level will remain constant c. O2 will be increased • CO2 will be decreased d. CO2 and O2 will both increase • A meteor is • On the ground c. In space • Falling through the air d. Lost • About how much of the water (on Earth) is salty? • 3% c. 25% • 75% d. 97% • Meteorology is the study of • Things in the air c. Meteors • Rocks falling from space d. The atmosphere • The gas that has the largest effect on global warming is what? • Nitrogen c. Carbon dioxide • Water vapor d. Oxygen • A glacier would most likely fall within what “sphere” within Earth Systems? • Biosphere c. Lithosphere • Hydrosphere d. Atmosphere

  6. 1. The study of how the different spheres of the Earth interact is called • a. Geoscience c. Earth Science • b. Geospherology d. Earth Systems • A meteor is • On the ground c. In space • Falling through the air d. Lost • Humans are part of the • Hydrosphere c. Biosphere • Atmosphere d. All of the above • Meteorology is the study of • Things in the air c. Meteors • Rocks falling from space d. The atmosphere • According to Mr. Monroe, the two best indicators of future success are • Good notes and attendance c. Being quiet and good notes • Attendance and reading ahead d. Reading soon after lecture, and attendance • I should start studying for the final • Three days before them c. At mid-term exams • At parent – teacher conferences d. Now

  7. What is the most effective greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, the most significant? Carbon dioxide c. Methane Water vapor d. Carbon monoxide Where is most of the CO2 on the earth held? Atmosphere c. Ocean Geosphere d. Biosphere About how much of the air is Carbon dioxide 1% c. 10% Less than 1/2 of 1% d. 5% What kind of water holds the most carbon dioxide? Warm c. Cold Wet d. Friendly About how much more carbon dioxide is there in the atmosphere, than their was in 1850? a 10% c. 20% b 30% d. 100%

  8. What is the most effective greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, the most significant? Carbon dioxide c. Methane Water vapor d. Carbon monoxide Where is most of the freshwater H2O on the earth held? Atmosphere c. Ground Glaciers d. Biosphere About how much of the air is Carbon dioxide? 1% c. 10% Less than 1/2 of 1% d. 5% What kind of water holds the most carbon dioxide? Warm c. Cold Wet d. Friendly About how much more carbon dioxide is there in the atmosphere, than their was in 1850? a 10% c. 20% b 30% d. 100%

  9. What marker goes through Greenwich, England? Equator c. English Meridian Line of Longitude d. Prime Meridian Which lines go north and south on a globe (up and down stripes) are Latitude c. Great circles Longitude d. Equations These lines are parallel to each other Date lines c. Time zones Latitude d. Longitude This system uses sound (and its echo) to measure navigation and ranging. a. Global Positioning System c. Landsat RADAR d. SONAR A GPS coordinate system uses how many satellites for triangulation, at a minimum? Two c. Three b. Four d. Five

  10. What is required to make a fossil? • High oxygen levels and water c. Rapid burial of hard parts • Lots of water, and hard parts d. Rapid burial and high oxygen levels • If an organism is widespread, unique, living for a short time of Earth history, and very numerous, it has a good chance to become what? • A trace fossil c. Amber • An index fossil d. A cast and mold • Which of the following would be a fossil of original preservation? • A trace fossil c. Petrified wood • An index fossil d. A mummy • The name of one example of an excellent index fossil is what? • Stromatilite c. Muscovite • Trilobite d. Kardashite • One thing that is absolutely needed for a fossil of original preservation is what? • No water c. Low temperatures • Low oxygen levels d. High temperatures

  11. What needs to be unique, widespread, abundant and short time span? • Amber c. Index fossil • Cast and mold d. Original preservation • This is made from tree sap? • A trace fossil c. Amber • An index fossil d. A cast and mold • Which of the following would be a fossil of original preservation? • A trace fossil c. Cast and mold • An index fossil d. Amber • Another name for petrified wood is what? • Stromatilite c. Perminerization • Trilobite d. Kardashite • What kind of rock, and only this kind, will contain fossils? • Igneous rocks c. Sedimentary • Metamorphic d. Actually, all of them can

  12. The correct term for fossilized dinosaur feces is ……. • Diorite c. Coprolite • Sterilite d. Permineralite • What kind of fossil gives only evidence of past life, without an actual artifact? • Index Fossil c. Cast and Mold • Trace Fossil d. Fossil of unaltered remains • Amber would be fossils of what? • Index Fossil c. Cast and Mold • Trace Fossil d. Fossil of unaltered remains • Which of the following is needed for good fossil preservation • Hard parts, oxygen, fast burial c. Water, no oxygen, fast burial • Water, soft parts, fast burial d. No oxygen, Hard Parts, Fast burial • A half life is …..? • 5,730 years c. The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive element to decay • Changing all of the time d. Only reliable for 50,000 years

  13. 1. What kind of fossil gives only evidence of past life, without an actual artifact? 83 • Index Fossil c. Cast and Mold • Trace Fossil d. Fossil of unaltered remains • 2. Amber would be fossils of what? 81 • Index Fossil c. Cast and Mold • Trace Fossil d. Fossil of unaltered remains • A material has 80 grams of a radioactive substance, and the half-life of the substance is 5 days. How many grams of the substance will remain after 8 half lives? 26 • Which would be more accurate, the carbon-14 dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 4,000 years, or the dating of an organism that has been dead for 40,000 years. 55 • 4,000 years c. It would be the same • 40,000 years d. C-14 dating would not be accurate for either • What kind of burial would be needed for a fossil to form? 53 • Warm wet soils c. Dry soils, lots of oxygen • Rapid burial of hard parts d. Slow burial on the surface of land

  14. A material has 80 grams of a radioactive substance, and the half-life of the substance is 5 days. How many grams of the substance will remain after 30 days? • Which would be MORE ACCURATE, the carbon-14 dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 2,000 years, or the dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 75,000 years. • a. 2,000 years c. It would be the same • b. 75,000 years d. C-14 dating would not be accurate for either • 3. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the creation of a fossil? • Warm wet soils, and rapid burial c. Dry soils, lots of oxygen, soft part of animal • Rapid burial of hard parts and teeth d. Slow burial on a river bank • What is the longest era, by far? • Cenozoic c. Mesozoic • Paleozoic d. Precambrian • Which era is called the age of the fishes? • Paleozoic c. Precambrian • Cenozoic d. Mesozoic

  15. The core of Earth is made of • Iron, Nickel and heavy metals c. Basalt • Granite d. Carbon • The first atmosphere of Earth (after Hydrogen and Helium) was made mostly of CO2, H2O, nitrogen and … • Oxygen c. Acids • Methane d. Carbon monoxide • The most recent super-continent was named • Rhodenia c. Pangea • Lauentia d. Panima Ultima • The best index fossil for the end of the pre-cambrian era is • Stromatilite c. Trilobite • Mesosarous d. Declopodia • A type of oxygen molecule, with three (3) oxygen atoms combined is • Ozone c. Trizone • Oxygen trihydrate d. Trioxygen • The heating of the early Earth was by radioactive decay, meteor bombardment and • The Sun c. Gravity • Cosmic rays d. Nearby supernovae

  16. A material has 80 grams of a radioactive substance, and the half-life of the substance is 5 days. How many grams of the substance will remain after 30 days? • Which would be MORE ACCURATE, the carbon-14 dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 2,000 years, or the dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 75,000 years. • a. 2,000 years c. It would be the same • b. 75,000 years d. C-14 dating would not be accurate for either • 3. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the creation of a fossil? • Warm wet soils, and rapid burial c. Dry soils, lots of oxygen, soft part of animal • Rapid burial of hard parts and teeth d. Slow burial on a river bank • A burrow would be what kind of fossil? • Trace c. Cast and mold • Fossil of original remains d. Fossil of carbonite reduction • What sphere hold the most Carbon? • Atmosphere c. Biosphere • Geosphere d. Hydrosphere

  17. The Father of modern geology is • Richard Usher c. James Hutton • Nelson Tarbuck d. Nelson Nixon • The law of Uniformitarianism says that • The same process of the past will continue c. Things happen always the same • Meteoroids will not all come at the same time d. Exciting things happen at a uniform rate • Most fossils are found in what type of rock? • Sedimentary (laid down and compressed soils) c. Igneous (fire formed) • b. Metamorphic (partially melted and squeezed) d. Basalt • Which law would the bombardment of Earth, by meteoroids, obey? • a. Law of catastrophism c. Law of uniformitarianism • Law of the aliens that sent them!! d. Law of hydrology • Things on the bottom of horizontal layers are the oldest. This is according to the • Law of Uniformitariantism c. Law of cross-cutting • Law of Superposition d. Law of lava flows

  18. Who was the father of modern geology? • a. Dr. Barb D. Wire c. Richard Tarbuck • b. Wagener d. Hutton • Layers of soil, deposited by water or wind, obeys what law? • Law of Catastrophism c. Low of original horizontality • Law of Uniformitarianism d. Law of Deposition • An igneous intrusion is • Always from a volcano c. Made of magma • Always younger than rocks above it d. Always younger than rocks below it • Faults are caused by • Earthquakes c. Volcanoes • Rapid deposition d. Rapid erosion • 5. Next Page

  19. Which is older, the sandstone or the conglomerate? • Which law says that #5 is so? • Place the Sandstone, Dike “A”, Sill, Shale and Conglomerate in order of creation.

  20. Which is older, the sandstone or the conglomerate? • Which law says that #5 is so? • Place the Sandstone, Dike “A”, Sill, Shale and Conglomerate in order of creation. • Probably Sandstone, Conglomerate, Shale, Sill and Dike “A” • The Sill could actually go anywhere between sandstone and Dike “A”

  21. A material has 80 grams of a radioactive substance, and the half-life of the substance is 5 days. How many grams of the substance will remain after 30 days? • Which would be MORE ACCURATE, the carbon-14 dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 2,000 years, or the dating of an organism that has been DEAD for 75,000 years. • 2,000 years c. It would be the same • 75,000 years d. C-14 dating would not be accurate for either • 3. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the creation of a fossil? • Warm wet soils, and rapid burial c. Dry soils, lots of oxygen, soft part of animal • Rapid burial of hard parts and teeth d. Slow burial on a river bank • What is the longest era, by far? • Cenozoic c. Mesozoic • Paleozoic d. Precambrian • Which era is called the age of the fishes? • Paleozoic c. Precambrian • Cenozoic d. Mesozoic

  22. What is the name for the process when one plate is going “under” another? • a. Convergence c. Subduction • b. Transformation d. Transverse • 2. Where is the Ocean getting “bigger”? • a. mid-ocean ridge c. oceanic trench • b. north and south poles d. equator • 3. What is the term that means that the ocean crust is being pushed under the continental crust? • a. diversion c. subduction • b. conversion d. transform • 4. What is the fossil that marks the end of the Precambrian era, and the start of the Paleozoic era? • Stromatolite c. Diorite • Trilobite d. Cynobite • 5. Where would ocean rocks be the oldest? • a. near the middle of the ocean c. near the coast of continents • b. near the north and south poles d. near the equator • 6. What word means the study of ancient magnetism on Earth? • a. magnetology c. paleomagnetism • b. historical magnetism d. neomagnetism

  23. What is the name for the process when one plate is going “under” another? • a. Convergence c. Subduction • b. Transformation d. Transverse • Where is the Ocean getting “bigger”? • a. mid-ocean ridge c. oceanic trench • b. north and south poles d. equator • What is the fossil that marks the end of the Precambrian era, and the start of the Paleozoic era? • Stromatolite c. Diorite • Trilobite d. Cynobite • In what country (or continent) does glacial till (dirt from a glacier) give evidence of continental drift? • a. Asia b. North America c. Europe d. Australia e. India f. China h. Antarctica • What is the name of the fossil animal that is on the west coast of Africa, east coast of S. America? • a. Trilobite b. Stromatolite c. Slausosaurous d. Pleaseasour e. Mesosaur • About how many times has Mr. Monroe seen “Supervolcano”? • a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30 • What does Mr. Monroe have against that little boy? • a. He doesn’t respect the power of volcanoes b. He wrecks good coffee • c. He doesn’t get all “A’s” d. Mr. Monroe likes no one

  24. 1. The longest era by far is • Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • 2. The age of the fishes was the • a. Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • 3. The human species that lost to homo sapiens was • Stupid othipicas c. Neanderthals • Austro antichipus d. Sou theastinous • 4. The kind of light that is stopped by ozone is • Visible c. Infra-red • Ultra violet d. Gamma • 5. We live in what epoch? • Sapiens c. Holocene • Cenozoic d. Mesozoic • 6. Dinosaurs ruled which time frame? • Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • Stromatilites did what for us? • Give us ozone c. Give us free oxygen • Removed carbon dioxide d. Created coal • Mesosaurus is found on what two continents? • Antarctica and India (subcontinent) c. Asia and North America • South America and North America d. South America and Africa • Mr. Monroe reminds me most of what? • A tin horn dictator c. A zombie in a bad mood • b. A kindly grandfather d. The question creeps me out!!!!

  25. 1. Who developed the idea of Continental Drift? a. James Hutton c. Richard Tarbuck b. Alfred Wagener d. Michael Ellington 2. On Antarctica, people have fossils that prove it was once much warmer. What was the fossil of? a. Palm trees c. Ferns b. Redwoods d. Grasses 3. India has evidence of what, in its layers of disturbed soils? a. Warm past climate c. Large tsunamis b. Glaciers d. Large-scale farming 4. The last two super continents were named what? a. Laurentia, then Pangaea c. Pangaea then Rhodentia b. Rhodentia then Pangaea d. Laurentia then Rhodentia 5. A very important fossil was found, that showed that Africa and South America were one connected. What was the name of that animal? a. Trilobite c. Mesosaur b. Stegosaur d. Saurousaur

  26. Crystal size is based mostly upon what? • a. Time c. Pressure • Chemical compostition d. Age • 2. Igneous means • a. From fire c. Volcanic • Granit d. First • 3. The human species that lost to homo sapiens was • Stupid othipicas c. Neanderthals • Austro antichipus d. Sou theastinous • 4. The kind of light that is stopped by ozone is • Visible c. Infra-red • Ultra violet d. Gamma • 5. We live in what epoch? • Sapiens c. Holocene • Cenozoic d. Mesozoic • 6. Dinosaurs ruled which time frame? • Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • Stromatilites did what for us? • Give us ozone c. Give us free oxygen • Removed carbon dioxide d. Created coal • What was the name of the super-contintent BEFORE Pangaea? • Pangaea Ultima c. Rhodenia • Laurentia d. Rastaferia • Mr. Monroe reminds me most of what? • A tin horn dictator c. A zombie in a bad mood • b. A kindly grandfather d. The question creeps me out!!!!

  27. New Earth is formed near what feature? For those of you who like to split hairs, the age of the atoms are the same. We speak of the time when the molten material hardened into stone. • Subduction zone c. Lithosphere • Mid-ocean ridge d. Epicenters • Plates tend to move about the Earth. Why do they move about in such a manner? You may have more than one answer. • Convection currents c. Slab pulling • The speed of the Earth’s rotation d. Hot spot displacement • Yellowstone is a hot-spot, supervolcano. What plate does the hot spot come up through? • Wyoming plate c. Colorado plate • North American plate d. Pacific Plate • Things will become very “interesting” off of the Pacific Northwest coast. This is because of the subduction of what plate? • Pacific plate c. Juan de Fuca plate • Cocos plate d. North American plate • The farther inland one goes, the location of earthquakes change. How do the location of earthquakes change? • a. They are shallower (closer “up”) c. They are neared the shoreline • They are deeper into the Earth d. They are more northerly • What was the name of the last major volcano in the continental United States? • Mt. Hood c. Mt. Saint Helens • Mt Rainer d. Mt Cascadian

  28. 1. In what kind of plate boundary do the plates slide past each other? a. Divergent c. Convergent b. Transform fault d. Revergent 2. What will form when ocean crust subducts under ocean crust? a. Mountain chain c. Island Arc b. Divergent plate boundary d. Transform plate boundary 3. Where does a trench form? a. Divergent boundaries c. Convergent boundaries b. Transform fault boundaries d. Revergent areas 4. Which of the following is a transform plate boundary? a. Los Angeles c. Himalayas Mountains b. Yellowstone d. Mid Ocean Ridges 5. Where is new Earth formed a. Mountain chain c. Island Arc b. Divergent plate boundary d. Transform plate boundary 6. Which country is a result of an Island Arc? a. Iceland c. Japan b. Greenland d. Cuba 7. What system uses sound waves to calculate the distance to an object? a. Radar c. Sonar b. Freemantle d. Fathomization 8. What is the letter of the description of a subduction zone a. where an oceanic plate is forced beneath a second plate b. where an oceanic plate grinds past a second plate c. where a continental plate grinds past a second plate d. where an oceanic plate moves away from a second plate 9. A “hot spot” is responsible for what geological structure? a. Himalaya mountains c. Mid-ocean ridge b. Iceland d. Yellowstone 10. Where is new Earth created a. Mid ocean ridge c. Subduction zone b. “hot spots” d. Transform zones

  29. Igneous • Changed form c. From volcanoes • From fire d. Hot • Intrusive • Into other rocks c. Stayed in Earth • Came into the surface d. Cooled quickly • Granite • Pinkish, large crystals c. Pinkish, small crystals • Dark, with variety of crystals d. Extrusive with large crystals, and is pink • Pumice • From Hawaii, dark, no crystals c. From Hawaii, light, large crystals and air pockets • Light, air pockets, pale color d. Pale color, solid, no air pockets • Basalt • Dark, dense, continental crust c. Dark, light, continental crust • Dark, light, oceanic crust d. Dark, dense, oceanic crust • Andesite • Grey, unseen crystals, air pockets c. Extrusive, large crystals, pale in color • Grey, very small (but visible) crystals, solid d. From Andes mountains, pale with small air pockets • Scoria • Just like pumice, but with a higher iron content c. Solid, with large crystals and many air pockets • Volcanic glass (dark black) d. Also called “rose quartz”

  30. Igneous • Changed form c. From volcanoes • From fire d. Hot • Intrusive • Into other rocks c. Stayed in Earth • Came into the surface d. Cooled quickly • Granite • Pinkish, large crystals c. Pinkish, small crystals • Dark, with variety of crystals d. Extrusive with large crystals, and is pink • Pumice • From Hawaii, dark, no crystals c. From Hawaii, light, large crystals and air pockets • Light, air pockets, pale color d. Pale color, solid, no air pockets • Basalt • Dark, dense, continental crust c. Dark, light, continental crust • Dark, light, oceanic crust d. Dark, dense, oceanic crust • 6. Batholith • Covers 100’s of square kilometers c. Covers 10’s of square kilometers • Means “lake of rock” d. Moves horizontally through rock layers • 7. Stock • a. Covers 100’s of square kilometers c. Covers 10’s of square kilometers • Means “lake of rock” d. Moves horizontally through rock layers

  31. Clastic 94 • Dissolved in water c. Made of other things • From fire d. Changed form • Slow cooling results in 74 • Large crystals, smooth texture c. Small crystals, smooth texture • Small crystals, rough texture d. Large crystals, rough texture • Granite 76 • Pinkish, large crystals c. Pinkish, small crystals • Dark, with variety of crystals d. Extrusive with large crystals, and is pink • Coquina 83 • Made of fossils c. Made of sea shells • Pinkish, smooth texture d. Igneous, intrusive rock • Felsic 72 • Dark, dense c. Pale • Dark, not dense d. Dark • 6. Batholith 78 • Covers 100’s of square kilometers c. Covers 10’s of square kilometers • Means “lake of rock” d. Moves horizontally through rock layers • 7. Stock 76 • a. Covers 100’s of square kilometers c. Covers 10’s of square kilometers • Means “lake of rock” d. Moves horizontally through rock layers

  32. Large crystals indicate • a. Fast cooling c. Smooth texture • b. Slow cooling d. Rough texture • Metamorphism needs • a. High heat c. High pressure • b. High heat and pressure d. Magma • Contact metamorphism occurs in the presence of • a. High heat and water c. High heat • b. Water and cementation fluids d. Silicon • The bands of color on a metamorphic rock are called • a. Bands of density c. Bands of foliation • b. Bands of cleavage d. Color differentiation • The bands of color on a metamorphic rock are a result of • a. Characteristics of the minerals in the rock c. Differences in heat during formation • b. Elevation changes during formation d. Pressure differences during formation • “Hot Spots” are located over • a. Magma rising to the surface of the Earth c. Convergent plate boundaries • b. Divergent plate boundaries d. The ring of fire • The source of heat in the Earth is a result of • a. Meteors early in the History of Earth c. Radioactivity of the Iron core • b. Radioactivity of Uranium and other elements d. Gravitational contraction • e. All except “C” • The difference between pumice and scoria is • a. The rate of cooling e. Density • b. The iron content f. Location of volcano that made it • c. The ratio of mass to volume g. “a”, “b” and “e” • d. “b”, “c”, “e” and “f” h. All except “a”

  33. What two elements made up the first atmosphere of the Earth? _____________________ , ______________________ What four things are responsible for the high temperatures in the Earth's core? _____________________ , ______________________ _____________________ , ______________________ Put the four eras in order, from oldest to youngest. Eldest________________ , 2nd Eldest__________________ Third Eldest____________ , Youngest___________________ What is the percentage of the Solar System's mass that is found in the Sun? The name of the flattened gas cloud that formed the Solar System is what? __________________________________________________

  34. What two elements made up the first atmosphere of the Earth? Hydrogen____ , Helium___________ What four things are responsible for the high temperatures in the Earth's core? Meteors______ , Residual Heat_________ Radioactivity_________ , Gravitational Contraction (pressure)__________ Put the four eras in order, from oldest to youngest. Eldest___Precambrian___ , 2nd Eldest___Paleozoic Third Eldest__Mesozoic_ , Youngest__Cenezoic__ What is the percentage of the Solar System's mass that is found in the Sun? 99? The name of the flattened gas cloud that formed the Solar System is what? _____Accretion Disk_____

  35. When the solar system was new, it was in a cloud known as a • a. Accretionary disk c. Interstellar cloud • b. Big bang cloud d. Solar cloud • The solar system began to “clump together”. This process is known as • a. Condensation c. Accretion • b. Deflation d. Convection • More dense materials settled to the center of the disk, in a process known as • a. Completion c. Planetizaton • b. Layerization d. Differentiation • As the disk of the solar system got smaller, it began to spin faster, because of an effect known as • a. The coriolis effect c. The Doppler effect • b. Conservation of energy d. Conservation of momentum • This disk, from which the solar system sprang, is know as a • a. Nebular disk c. Solar disk • b. Accretion disk d. Planetary disk • Three things are basically needed to crush gases into something as dense as the Sun. They are • a. Gravity, the weak force, the strong force c. Gravity, cold and the strong force • b. A supernovae, gravity and cold space d. Gravity, electricity and the strong force • e. Chuck Norris, his shadow and reflection • The main gases that made up the earliest solar system were • a. Oxygen and carbon c. Hydrogen and oxygen • b. Helium and Hydrogen d. Carbon dioxide and methane

  36. 8. Why did the rocky planets form closest to the Sun? • More gravity c. More heat • Faster orbits d. More chemicals 9. What is the term used when planets form from smaller pieces of matter? • Condensation c. Accretion • Differentiation d. Nebulation 10. Which planet in the Solar System will float, if you could find a bathtub big enough? • Mercury c. Jupiter • Saturn d. Uranus 11. Why does the “inner part” of the Solar System spin faster than the “outer parts” of the Solar System? • Gravity conservation c. Accretion speed • Doppler effect d. Conservation of momentum • 12. Why does the Earth stay at about 26º tilted to the ecliptic? • Gravity of the Sun c. Gravity of the moon • Conservation of momentum d. Momentum • 13. Where are the asteroids? • Between Earth and Mars c. Between Mars and Saturn • Between Mars and Jupiter d. Wherever Chuck Norris wants them to be

  37. A telescope that bends light to a focus point is a • Refractive Telescope c. Reflective Telescope • Chrono Telescope d. Defective Telescope • The telescope that we used to look outside the LSW front doors was a • Webster Telescope c. Reflective Telescope • Refractive Telescope d. Wardovian Telescope • Light is fast. Its speed is • 3,000 meters per second c. 300,000 Kilometers per second • 300,000,000 meters per second d. All above, except “a”, but including “b” and “c” • The shortest wavelengths are • Red c. Gamma • Blue d. Radio • A light-year is • The distance light travels in a year c. The time it takes for light to travel • As far as it is from Earth to Vega d. The distance across our Solar System • If the Sun went “out” right now, how long would it be before you knew it? • 8.5 light-minutes c. 8 minutes and 30 seconds • 2.5 seconds d. “Did Chuck Norris flip a switch off?” • What type of telescope can see through inter-stellar clouds of gas and dust? • Refractive c. Reflective • Hubble d. Radio

  38. The Earth has a “wobble”. About how long does it take for the Earth to complete one “wobble” around the zodiac? • 10,000 years c. 20,000 years • 25,000 years d. 100,000 years • Another name for the “wobble” of the Earth is what? • Differentiation c. Precession • Retrograde motion d. Rotation • Binary Star systems are useful, because they help determine what? • Mass of the stars in the system c. Distance to the stars • Chemical composition of the stars d. Temperature of the stars • Which is longer, a day according to the Sun (solar day), or a day according to the background stars (sidereal day)? • The longest day is a sidereal day c. The longest day is a solar day • The days are the same length (duh) d. The shortest day is any day there is a sub for science class • A circumpolar star is one that does what? • Circles the North pole c. Is visible year around • Touches the North star at some point d. Seems to twinkle in the cold winter air of a January snowstorm. • Why do stars move rapidly across the sky each night? • Stars just generally move fast c. The Earth is going around the Sun • The Earth is revolving around its axis d. The Earth is rotating around its axis • How far do stars move across the sky, from night to night. This means at same time, on two nights in a row. • They don’t really move c. 1º to the West • 1º to the East d. It depends upon the hemisphere that you are in

  39. The Earth has a “wobble”. About how long does it take for the Earth to complete one “wobble” around the zodiac? • 10,000 years c. 20,000 years • 25,000 years d. 100,000 years • Another name for the “wobble” of the Earth is what? • Differentiation c. Precession • Retrograde motion d. Rotation • Binary Star systems are useful, because they help determine what? • Mass of the stars in the system c. Distance to the stars • Chemical composition of the stars d. Temperature of the stars • Which is longer, a day according to the Sun (solar day), or a day according to the background stars (sidereal day)? • The longest day is a sidereal day c. The longest day is a solar day • The days are the same length (duh) d. The shortest day is any day there is a sub for science class • A circumpolar star is one that does what? • Circles the North pole c. Is visible year around • Touches the North star at some point d. Seems to twinkle in the cold winter air of a January snowstorm. • How does parallax differ between a faraway star, and a nearby star? • The faraway star has more parallax c. The nearby star has more parallax • Parallax does not differ, it only seems to d. The parallax will differ, depending upon size of the star • What is a parsec? • 3.26 light-years d. 32.6 light-years • One parallax-second of arc e. “a” and “b” • “c” and “d

  40. 1. Parallax works best on stars that are • Near c. Far away • Bright d. Old 2. The precession of the Earth takes about • 2,000 years c. 14,000 years • 24,000 years d. 110,000 years 3. The Egyptians used the North Star to help build • Pyramid of Giza c. Sphinx • Spire of Cleopatra d. Did not use North Star 4. There are this many seconds in one degree. • 60 c. 360 • 3,000 d. 3,600 • 5. A mirror is used in what type of telescope? • Refractory c. Newtonian Reflector • Radio d. X-ray and Radio • How does parallax differ between a faraway star, and a nearby star? • The faraway star has more parallax c. The nearby star has more parallax • Parallax does not differ, it only seems to d. The parallax will differ, depending upon size of the star • What is a parsec? • 3.26 light-years d. 32.6 light-years • One parallax-second of arc e. “a” and “b” • “c” and “d

  41. 1. Absolute and Apparent Magnitude are the same at • 10 parsecs c. 32.6 light years • 1 parsec d. 10.0 light years 2. When one looks towards the Sun with a spectroscope, and they see bright lines on a dark background, it is • Lines of absorption c. Continuous spectrum • Lines of emission d. Time to run away, FAST!! • Parallax works best with stars that are • Near c. Far away • Mostly Hydrogen d. Have a large HELIUM content 4. How do stars apparently move, from night to night? • 1º to the East c. 5º to the East • 1º to the West d. They do not move • If a star is moving away at great speed, it will appear • More red d. More blue • Hotter e. “a” and “c” • Cooler f. “a” and “b” • Earth is about 4.6 billion years old (4.6 x 10 9). How old is the Sun? • Older c. Younger • Same age d. The Sun is the same age as the universe

  42. The main fuel for our Sun is what? • Helium c. Hydrogen • Carbon d. Iron • 2. The lifetime of a star like our Sun is about how many years? • 1,000,000 years c. 10,000,000 years • 1,000,000,000 years d. 10,000,000,000 years • At what temperature does fusion start in a star? • 1,000,000 degree c. 10,000 degree • 10,000,000 degree d. 1,000,000,000 degree • What is the name of the cloud that we all came from • Big Bang cloud c. Interstellar cloud • Accretion disk d. Planetary nebula • What two things does an H-R diagram compare? • Temperature and brightness c. Size and brightness • Temperature and age d. Size and temperature

  43. 1. The most massive stars will end as • White Dwarf c. Brown Dwarf • Neutron Star d. Black Hole 2. Pulsars will emanate from • White Dwarfs c. Main Sequence • Neutron Star d. Black Hole 3. White Dwarfs will become • Black Holes c. Brown Dwarfs • Neutron Stars d. Black Stars 4. The Sun will become, next, a… • White Dwarf c. Neutron Star • Black Hole d. Pulsar 5. A protostar will "turn on" when the internal temperature reaches • 10,000ºC c. 100,000ºC • 1,000,000ºC d. 10,000,000ºC • The heaviest element that can be made inside of any star, before an super novae is what? • Copper c. Oxygen • Carbon d. Iron • A star that is going away from a person will appear changed in what way? • Older c. Bluer • Redder d. Bigger

  44. Pulsars come from • Neutron stars c. Black Holes • White dwarfs d. Black dwarfs • An apparent magnitude, and absolute magnitude, are the same at • One light-year d. One Parsec • 32.6 light-years e. 10 parsecs • “b” and “c” f. “b” and “e” • Lines of emission tell astronomers about a star’s • Distance c. Temperature • Chemical composition d. Age • Which star will last longer • Big, honkin’ star c. High mass star • Small wimpy thing d. One just like our Sun • Which has a higher density” • White dwarf c. Black dwarf • Black hole d. Neutron star • Most points of light in the sky are what? • Stars c. Star systems • Galaxies d. White dwarfs

  45. The mass of a star can be determined by studying • The wavelength of the light emitted by the star c. The color of the star • The distance between the star and Earth d. The binary star systems • Which of the following is true about using parallax to measure the distance to stars? • The closer the star, the smaller the parallax angle c. The closer the star, the larger the parallax angle • The larger the star, the smaller the parallax angle d. The larger the star, the larger the parallax angle • At the nucleus, the Milky Way galaxy is about • 1,000 light years thick c. 100,000 light years thick • 10,000 light years thick d. 1,000,000,000 light years thick • According to the big bang theory, the entire Universe started as a • Supernova explosion c. Dense, hot, supermassive ball • Cool, dark interstellar cloud d. Scattered dust cloud • Which type of light is longer than visible light? • Gamma c. X-ray • Ultra violet d. Radio • Where, in the Milky Way Galaxy, is the Earth and Sun? • At the exact center c. At the very tip of one of the spiral arms • Just outside the galactic nucleus d. Within one of the spirals, but not at the tip • Why does the pitch seem higher (or light seem bluer) of an approaching object? • Coriolis effect c. Doppler effect • Lundgen effect d. It does?

  46. What is another name for the hydrologic cycle? • Cryocycle c. Hydrogen cycle • Water cycle d. Hydrosphere • The process of H2O leaving the atmosphere and entering the geosphere is what? • Transpiration c. Condensation • Precipitation d. Infiltration • The process of H2O moving through the geosphere is called what? • Transpiration c. Condensation • Precipitation d. Infiltration • Water moving along the surface of the geosphere is called what? • Condensation c. Runoff • Precipitation d. Infiltration • A natural way to slow runoff is what? • A levee c. A dam • Grading of the land to make it flat d. Planting a lot of trees • Evaporation and Transpiration, together, are called • Evapotranspiration c. Perspiration • Hydrotransation d. Evaporhydration

  47. 1. The longest era by far is • Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • 2. The age of the fishes was the • a. Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • 3. The human species that lost to homo sapiens was • Stupid othipicas c. Neanderthals • Austro antichipus d. Sou theastinous • 4. The kind of light that is stopped by ozone is • Visible c. Infra-red • Ultra violet d. Gamma • 5. We live in what epoch? • Sapiens c. Holocene • Cenozoic d. Mesozoic • 6. Dinosaurs ruled which time frame? • Paleozoic c. Cenozoic • Mesozoic d. Precambrian • Stromatilites did what for us? • Give us ozone c. Give us free oxygen • Removed carbon dioxide d. Created coal • Mesosaurus is found on what two continents? • Antarctica and India (subcontinent) c. Asia and North America • South America and North America d. South America and Africa • Mr. Monroe reminds me most of what? • A tin horn dictator c. A zombie in a bad mood • b. A kindly grandfather d. The question creeps me out!!!!

  48. A pebble would be considered part of what? (check all that apply) • Bed load c. Stream load • Dissolved load d. Suspended load • A fish releases urine into a stream. What is affected? (check all that apply) • Bed load c. Stream load • Dissolved load d. Suspended load • All of the land, whose water drains into a stream, is called the stream’s • Divide c. Floodplain • Watershed d. Stream load • The largest watershed in the United States is what? • Ohio c. Pacific • Mississippi d. Seaboard • The discharge of a river is what? • Cubic meters of water, divided by seconds c. Total tons of water in the river’s flow • Total amount of bed load carried by a river d. Total amount of stream load carried by river • Erosion in mostly caused by what? (check all that apply) • Bed load c. Stream load • Dissolved load d. Suspended load • A graduated cylinder holds 550 mL of soil. Cindy the scientist puts 250 mL of water into the soil, and it just covers the top of the soil. It takes 10 seconds for the water to reach the bottom of the graduated cylinder. What is the porosity of the soil? • 45% c. 800 mL • 55 mL/sec d. Cindy dumps the dirt on Monroe and leaves

  49. The average salinity of the ocean is what • .035% c. 3.5% • 35% d. 1% • Most fresh water is held in what • Groundwater c. Glaciers • Rivers d. Oceans • How many oceans are there? • Three c. Four • One d. Any of the above • What is infiltration? • Rain c. Groundwater movement • Evaporation d. Plants and water • What is evapotranspiration? • Water from plants to atmosphere c. Water from rivers to atmosphere • Movement of groundwater d. “A” and “C”

  50. Gyres occur in Northern Hemisphere c. Southern Hemisphere Anywhere d. Where currents circle Deep water currents are a result of Density c. Wind action Salt content d. Water temperature Upwelling is a result of Surface currents c. Water density El Nino d. Trenches The coriolis effect is a result of A spinning planet c. Right-hand winds Density d. Salt content The Second largest ocean is Pacific c. Atlantic Indian d. Arctic

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