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Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Animal Organization and Homeostasis. 15.1 Types of tissues. What is tissue?. Two or more cells of the same type performing a common function Four types of tissue Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous. What is epithelial tissue?. Characteristics Cell rich Avascular

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Animal Organization and Homeostasis

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  1. Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.1 Types of tissues

  2. What is tissue? • Two or more cells of the same type performing a common function • Four types of tissue • Epithelial • Connective • Muscular • Nervous

  3. What is epithelial tissue? • Characteristics • Cell rich • Avascular • Basal vs. apical side (polarity) • Basement membrane • Cell shapes • Squamous • Columnar • cuboidal

  4. What types of epithelium are there? • Types • Simple • Stratified • Glandular • Exocrine • Endocrine

  5. What is connective tissue? • Characteristics • Cell poor • Matrix rich • Collagen • Elastin • Reticular fibers • Vascular (with exceptions) • Cyte vs. blast

  6. What are the types of connective tissue? • Adipose • Loose CT • Fibro- • Dense CT • Fibro- • Cartilage • Lacunae • Chondro- • Bone • Osteo- • Blood • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Platelets

  7. What is muscular tissue? • Responds to stimulus • Contracts • Myo- • Three types • Skeletal (voluntary) • Cardiac (involuntary) • Smooth (involuntary)

  8. What is nervous tissue? • Also responds to stimulus • Sends signals • Two types of cells • Neuroglia • Neurons

  9. Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.2 Body cavities and homeostasis

  10. What are body cavities? • Regions of body • Two cavities • Dorsal • Brain • Spinal cord • Ventral • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic

  11. What are the organ systems of the body? • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Nervous • Endocrine • Cardiovascular • Immune • Urinary • Digestive • Respiratory • Reproductive

  12. What is homeostasis? • Body’s tendency to maintain internal set points • Negative feedback • Most common • Solution state is opposite of problem state

  13. What is a positive feedback loop? • Positive feedback • Rare • Solution state heightens problem state • Child birth • Fever • Blood clotting

  14. Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.3 Anatomical position and terms

  15. What are some anatomical terms for position/location? • Anatomical position: left is right and right is left! • Position descriptions • Supine, prone

  16. Ventral, dorsal

  17. Anterior, posterior

  18. Superior, inferior

  19. Medial, lateral medial Lateral

  20. Proximal, distal proximal distal comparison

  21. Superficial, deep

  22. What are the anatomical planes? • Sagittal • Midsagittal • Parasagittal

  23. What are the anatomical planes? • Frontal

  24. What are the anatomical planes? • Transverse

  25. What are the body cavities? • Dorsal body cavity • Cranial cavity: cranium and stuff inside • Vertebral cavity: vertebral column and stuff inside

  26. What are the body cavities? • Ventral body cavity • Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities • Thoracic: mediastinum divides left from right

  27. What kinds of membranes line cavities? • Meninges: lines brain and spinal cord

  28. What kinds of membranes line cavities? • Serous membrane: no outside opening • Inner: visceral layer • Outer: parietal layer • In between: cavity filled with serous fluid • Thoracic: pleurae and pericardium • Abdominopelvic: peritoneum

  29. What kinds of membranes line cavities? • Mucous membrane: outside opening • Examples?

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