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Federalism

Federalism. Definition: System where power is divided between a national government and state governments – MT 1, LT 2. Constitutional Division of Powers. Expressed Powers – certain powers are enumerated or delegated to the national government

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Federalism

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  1. Federalism Definition: System where power is divided between a national government and state governments – MT 1, LT 2

  2. Constitutional Division of Powers • Expressed Powers – certain powers are enumerated or delegated to the national government • Concurrent Powers – some powers are shared by both the states and federal government • Reserved Powers – All other powers are reserved for the individual states

  3. State Powers • Full Faith and Credit Clause – states must recognize, honor, and enforce another states actions • Privileges and Immunities Clause – states cannot discriminate against residents of other states or give its own residents special privileges • Tenth Amendment – powers not specifically delegated to the national government are reserved for the states

  4. Benefits • Prevents abuses of power by the central government • Allows states to experiment with new ideas and solutions • Allows flexibility – states can pass laws that reflect the needs of their citizens • Encourages more political participation

  5. Drawbacks • Lack of consistency of laws and policies from state to state • Sometimes creates conflict between state and federal officials

  6. Types of Federalism

  7. Dual Federalism • Also called “Layer Cake” Federalism • From 1790 – 1933 • Fairly strict division of powers • Two levels of government had clearly defined responsibilities • Example: federal government controls interstate commerce, state governments control intrastate commerce

  8. Cooperative Federalism • Also called “Marble Cake” Federalism • The Great Depression of the 1930s created the need for greater involvement by the federal government and closer cooperation between the states and national government • National and state governments share some responsibilities • Grants-in-Aid Programs – funds given by the federal government to states for specific programs • New Deal Programs (FDR)

  9. Regulated Federalism • Began with Johnson’s Great Society programs of the 1960s • Grants-in-Aid now came with strict regulations as to how the money could be spent • Also led to unfunded mandates – programs and regulations imposed on state and local governments by Congress without adequate funding • States began to resent too much federal control

  10. New Federalism • 1970s and 1980s saw the beginnings of devolution – returning more power and control to the states • 1990s – Congress ended unfunded mandates and turned control of welfare programs to state governments • Block Grants – funds given by the federal government to the states that left states free to decide how best to spend the money

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