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Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendus IRT0080

Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendus IRT0080. Loeng 3/2010 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. avots@lr.ttu.ee. Kliendi soovid. Kliendi soovid (meedia & Multimedia) ‏. • HD & 3D • Tapeless – low cost disk storage • Open collaboration/inter-operability

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Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendus IRT0080

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  1. Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendusIRT0080 Loeng 3/2010Avo Otstelekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.avots@lr.ttu.ee

  2. Kliendi soovid

  3. Kliendi soovid (meedia & Multimedia)‏ • HD & 3D • Tapeless – low cost disk storage • Open collaboration/inter-operability • New delivery platforms • The “Youth Market” • Cheaper production formats (Reality TV)‏ • Advertising revenue models (SMS, Web, Push)‏ • Taxes on power consumption

  4. Digital natives, digital immigrants and analog exiles • The “digital natives” are born into digital technology. • They are used to receiving information really fast. • They like to parellel process and multitask. • They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. • They prefer random access (like hypertext). • They function best when networked. • They thrive on instant gratification.

  5. Acquaintance people who are members of online social networks are not so much “networking” as they are “broadcasting their lives” to anouter tier of acquaintances (Interpersonal relationship) who aren’t necessarily inside the Dunbar circle An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term association between two or more people. This association may be based on emotions like love and liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment.

  6. Viiteid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_number http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_concept http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquaintance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_native http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Native

  7. QoS • Pakettvõrkudes liikluse korralduse (traffic engineering) mõiste “garanteeritud teenuse kvaliteet” (QoS, Quality of Service) tähendab tõenäosuslikku hinnangut, et sidevõrk jälgib liikluslepet. • Paljudel juhtudel kasutatakse QoS tõenäosusena, et pakett läbib võrku saatjast vastuvõtjani oma ettemääratud ajavahemiku jooksul.

  8. Teenusekvaliteedi aspektid QoS – Quality of Service ITU-T E.800 Recommendation

  9. Teenusekvaliteedi aspektid (2) QoS Teenuse Kättesaadavus (Accessibility) Teenuse Püsivus (Retainability) Teenuse Terviklikus (Integrity) QoS parameetrid QoS parameetrid QoS parameetrid

  10. Hierarchical QoS MPLS VPN Internet 10 GigE Cust n VoIP Cust 4 MPLSTunnel GigE VideoConf Cust 3 Customer # 1 VLAN VideoStream Cust 2 Data p1 Data p2 Cust 1 Internet

  11. Growth

  12. Speed

  13. Penetration

  14. Broadband

  15. NGN • QoS and security for successful convergence • Virtual Private Networks for converged networks and QoS • Network managementdirectories, policies and intelligent agents for decision support, configuration and QoS

  16. Industry convergence

  17. A Vendor X Vendor Y B Carrier  Carrier  IMS GRX GRX IMS Interoperability

  18. T L A...

  19. Services (E1, E2, E3, E4, Video, etc.) Layers Payload and Path Overhead Map Payload and Path OH into VC Path Map VC and MS OH into internal signal VC and MS Overhead Multiplex Section STM-N Signal Map internal signal and RS OH into STM-N signal Regen. Section Regen. Section Light Pulse Optical Conversion Physical Photonic Regenerator Terminal Terminal Physical Layer - I.

  20. Order of transmission 1st 2nd S T M 1 270 columns Section overhead (SOH) VC Capacity 9 columns 261 columns

  21. STM-N frame 270 x N Columns 9xN Columns STM-N VC capacity 9 Rows 125 μsec Section Overhead

  22. Frame Structures 270 Columns STM-1 9 Rows 155.52 Mbit/s 1,080 Columns STM-4 9 Rows 622.08 Mbit/s 4,320 Columns STM-16 9 Rows 2488.32 Mbit/s 9 rows x 17280 columns, 9953.28 Mbit/s STM-64

  23. SONET SDH Line Rate SPE Rate Optical Electrical Level (Mbit/s) (Mbit/s) Level Level STM-1 155.52 150.336 OC-3 STS-3 STM-4 622.08 601.344 OC-12 STS-12 2405.376 STM-16 2488.32 OC-48 STS-48 STM-64 9953.28 9621.504 OC-192 STS-192 STM-256 38486.016 OC-768 STS-768 39813.12 Rate Hierarchy

  24. Uni- and Bi-directional A A A-C A-C F B F B C-A C-A • Only working traffic is shown • Subnetwork (path) or multiplex section switching for protection E C E C D D Bi-directional Ring (2 fibers) Uni-directional Ring (1 fiber)

  25. Tributary Channels STM-N Mux MSTE K1K2 Read/Sel K1K2 Write Working STM-N Protect STM-N MSTE K1K2 Write K1K2 Read/Sel STM -N Mux Tributary Channels Automatic Protection Switching APS = Automatic Protection Switching Allows network to react to failed lines, interfaces, or poor signal quality Performed over the entire STM-N payload Uses K1 and K2 bytes of MS Overhead

  26. Synchronization in Voice Networks Network Clock 0.000001 ppm CB M14 LT LT M14 M14 LT LT M14 CB DS0 Switch E1 E4 prop. E4 E1 E1 E4 prop. E4 E1 f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm • Asynchronous transport network uses pulse stuffing and is transparent to E1 timing

  27. Synchronization Distribution Network Clock (Stratum 1) 0.000001 ppm Dedicated Timing E1 CB M14 LT LT M14 M14 LT LT M13 CB DS0 Switch E1 E4 prop. E4 E1 E1 E4 prop. E4 E1 20ppm 20ppm • Timing distribution is done using embedded E1 facility • Asynchronous transport network is transparent to E1 timing

  28. Router Router Router Router Mesh Topology Networks • Cross-Connects are nxn switches • Interconnects S D H streams B A C D F G E

  29. Time-Slot Interchange (TSI) • Write bytes from arriving TDM stream into memory • Read bytes in permuted order into outgoing TDM stream • Max # slots = 125 msec / (2 x memory cycle time) a 1 Read slots according to connection permutation 2 b 3 … … d b c b a a d c    24 2 1 24 2 1 23 23 Write slots in order of arrival 22 23 c • Incoming TDM stream • Outgoing TDM stream 24 d Time-slot interchange

  30. MUX Timeslot interchange DEMUX i j j i Kaadrimälu i j i j 1 Data out Data in i j 1 Write access Read access i j c (j) (i) Ajapilude loendur Time slot counter Juhtmälu TSI

  31. Vihm (vo’rk)

  32. Lõpulingid (3) http://www.packetizer.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_Digital_Hierarchy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCM http://www.juniper.net/solutions/

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