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How to prepare Warriors

How to prepare Warriors. August 20 th , 2005 Nurs509. FACTS. There are at least 2 to 5 wars (civil or inter territorial) occurring each year. Some countries have been at war for several generations (100 years war, Ruwanda, Somelia, Liberia, Palestine).

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How to prepare Warriors

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  1. How to prepare Warriors • August 20th , 2005 • Nurs509

  2. FACTS • There are at least 2 to 5 wars (civil or inter territorial) occurring each year. • Some countries have been at war for several generations (100 years war, Ruwanda, Somelia, Liberia, Palestine). • Some children grow up not knowing anything but war.

  3. The work of war is to fight and die

  4. Lives lost in US Wars • 166,000 Union soldiers in the Civil War • 136,516 Americans that lost their lives during World War I, there were 4,452 Missing in Action • 405,399 Americans that lost their lives during World War II, there were 78,976 Missing in Action • 54,246 Americans service men and women lost their lives during the Korean War

  5. Vietnam Vietnam • 3 million Americans served in the Vietnam war • approximately 1,986 are missing in action • 58,176 American service men and 8 women lost their lives and are on the wall. • (Note: many more women were killed in Vietnam but they were not on active military service)

  6. Post Vietnam Combat Casualties Conflict Year Combat Deaths Lebanon 1982-1984 254 Grenada 1983 18 Libya 1986 2 Panama 1989-1990 23 Somalia 1992-1993 29

  7. General Statistics of American Wars Name of the War Year Battle deaths Non-battle deaths Total # of soldiers American Population American Revolution 1775-1783 4,435 217,000 2,500,000 War of 1812 1812-1815 2,260 286,730 7,300,000 Indian Wars 1817-1898 1,000 106,000 17,000,000 Mexican Wars 1846-1848 1,733 11,550 78,718 23,000,000 Civil War -Union 1861-1865 140,414 224,097 2,213,363 22,000,000 Civil War – Confederate 1861-1865 74,524 59,297 1,050,000 9,000,000 (including 4 million slaves) Spanish American War 1898-1899 385 2,061 306,760 76,000,000 World War 1 1917-1918 53,402 63,114 4,734,991 100,000,000 World War 2 1940-1945 291,557 113,842 16,112,566 135,000,000 Korean War 1950-1953 33,686 20,560 5,720,000 155,000,000 Vietnam War 1964-1975 47,410 42,788 9,200,000 200,000,000 Gulf War 1990-1991 148 1,149 2,322,332 250,000,000 TOTAL: 650,954 243,524 42,348,460

  8. The Number of Soldiers killed each day Name of the War Beginning End # of days # of deaths per day American Revolution July 4, 1776 Sept. 3, 1783 2,615 1.7 War of 1812 June 18, 1812 Dec. 24, 1814 887 2.6 Civil War -U April 12, 1861 April 9, 1865 1,457 96.4 Civil War -C April 12, 1861 April 9, 1865 1,457 51.2 Spanish Amer. War April 25, 1898 Dec. 10, 1898 259 1.5 World War 1 April 6, 1917 Nov. 11, 1918 404 132.2 World War 2 Dec. 7, 1941 Sept. 2, 1945 1,365 213.6 Korean War June 25, 1950 July 27, 1953 1,128 29.9 Vietnam War Aug. 2, 1964 Jan. 27, 1973 3,098 15.3 Gulf War Aug. 2, 1990 April 6, 1991 248 0.6

  9. Current Wars

  10. General Patton made the historic statement, • "I hear a lot of c*** about what a glorious thing it is to die for your country. It isn’t glorious; it’s stupid. You don’t go into battle to die for your country, you go into battle to make the other b****** die for his country."

  11. DISCOVER THE AUTONOMY TO PRACTICE AND THE RESPECT OF DOCTORS As a member of the Army Nurse Corps, you'll be given opportunities to apply your nursing skills that aren't available in the civilian community. Your role as an Officer will afford you the chance to lead a nursing team in caring for your patients. The autonomy to practice nursing as part of the Army Health Care Team is unlike most civilian health care facilities. Your professional judgment will be the driving force behind ensuring that all aspects of a patient's care are addressed, and you'll be responsible for initiating coordination of a patient's multidisciplinary care.

  12. Making the Modern Soldier In atime appropriate study, contracted by the Pentagon, Colonel Marshall found that: World War II: 75 to 80 percent of riflemen did not fire their weapons at an exposed enemy, even to save their lives and the lives of their friends. On average only 17 percent of all soldiers fired their weapons at the enemy. The DOD could not tolerate this low firing rate … • References: • On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society: Lt. Colonel Dave Grossman. Little, brown and Co., Ny. • WAR, Gwynne Dyer, Crown publishers, NY.

  13. Caisson Song." Lyrics The Field Artillery Song

  14. http://marines.com/about_marines/thecrucible.asp?format=flashhttp://marines.com/about_marines/thecrucible.asp?format=flash • The Air Force Song (full lyrics)by Robert Crawford • Off we go into the wild blue yonder, Climbing high into the sun;Here they come zooming to meet our thunder, At 'em boys, Give 'er the gun! (Give 'er the gun now!) Down we dive, spouting our flame from under,Off with one helluva roar! We live in fame or go down in flame. Hey! Nothing'll stop the U.S. Air Force! • Additional verses: • Minds of men fashioned a crate of thunder, Sent it high into the blue;Hands of men blasted the world asunder;How they lived God only knew! (God only knew then!)Souls of men dreaming of skies to conquer Gave us wings, ever to soar! With scouts before And bombers galore. Hey! Nothing'll stop the U.S. Air Force! • Bridge: "A Toast to the Host" • Here's a toast to the hostOf those who love the vastness of the sky,To a friend we send a message of his brother men who fly.We drink to those who gave their all of old,Then down we roar to score the rainbow's pot of gold.A toast to the host of men we boast, the U.S. Air Force! • Zoom! • Off we go into the wild sky yonder, Keep the wings level and true; If you'd live to be a grey-haired wonder Keep the nose out of the blue! (Out of the blue, boy!)Flying men, guarding the nation's border, We'll be there, followed by more! In echelon we carry on. Hey! Nothing'll stop the U.S. Air Force! The Marines' Hymn From the halls of MontezumaTo the shores of Tripoli,We fight our country's battlesIn the air, on land, and sea.First to fight for right and freedom,And to keep our honor clean,We are proud to claim the titleOf United States Marines.Our flag's unfurl'd to every breezeFrom dawn to setting sun;We have fought in every clime and placeWhere we could take a gun. In the snow of far-off northern landsAnd in sunny tropic scenes,You will find us always on the job - The United States Marines.Here's health to you and to our CorpsWhich we are proud to serve;In many a strife we've fought for lifeAnd never lost our nerve.If the Army and the NavyEver look on Heaven's scenes,They will find the streets are guardedBy United States Marines.

  15. Making the modern soldier • The goal of the Department of Defense was to teach soldiers very specifically to kill. • “We are reluctant to admit that essentially war is the business of killing” (Marshall, 1947). The whole vast edifice of the military institution rests on its ability to obtain obedience from its members even unto death—and the killing of others.”

  16. Psychology of Modern Warfare • New new training procedures were implemented to increase the firing rate. A study of the Korean Police Action found that the new techniques initiated 55 percent of infantrymen were firing their weapons. • The training techniques were further perfected, and by the Vietnam War the firing rate was around 90 to 95 percent.

  17. Triad of methods • desensitization • conditioning • denial defense mechanisms.

  18. Desensitization: Thinking the unthinkable • Constant and continual drilling. Using group techniques and rhymes. • Enemy must be identified as different. • Labels or slurs are common • Men must be indoctrinated in dehumanizing the enemy. • http://www.goarmy.com/downloads/cadence_jukebox.jsp

  19. 7 Bob's.ppt http://www.geocities.com/bkip20002/index.html Graphics by Bob http://home.att.net/~kip20002/ 8 9 8 7 8 7 8 7 Conditioning: Doing the Unthinkable • Development of reflexive “quick shoot” ability. A hit is immediate reinforced. Soldiers are highly rewarded and recognized for success and suffer mild punishment for failure • As men progress the targets become more life like (manikins, puppets, etc) l. • Snipers in Vietnam become very proficient expending only 1.39 rounds per kill. The average is 50,000 rounds per kill. • A vet with 93 confirmed kills who trains snipers, feels that the more realistic the target the better. He typically says, “put three rounds inside the inside corner of the right eye of the bad guy”.

  20. Denial Defense Mechanisms: Denying the Unthinkable Through the conditioning process the soldier when he does kill in combat he is able to, at one level, deny that he is actually killing another human being. • One soldier when interview said he thought of the enemy as nothing more or less than figure targets.

  21. The end result: A Warrior • Some call this process-manufactured contempt, and the combination of denial of and contempt for the victim’s role in society (desensitization), along with the psychological denial of, and contempt for the victim’s humanity is a process that is reinforced by the military.

  22. The process of rationalization and acceptance of killing in a war is aided by several processes. Constant praise and assurance to the soldier from peers and superiors that he "did the right thing" (One of the most important physical manifestations of this affirmation is the awarding of medals and decorations.) The constant presence of mature, older comrades (that is, in their late twenties and thirties) who serve as role models and stabilizing personality factors in the combat environment A careful adherence to such codes and conventions of warfare by both sides (such as the Geneva conventions, first established in 1864), thereby limiting civilian casualties and atrocities

  23. Processes, continued • Rear lines or clearly denned safe areas where the soldier can go to relax and depressurize during a combat • The presence of close, trusted friends and confidants who have been present during training and are present throughout the combat experience  •  A cool-down period as the soldier and his comrades sail or march back from the wars • Knowledge of the ultimate victory of their side and of the gain and accomplishments made possible by their sacrifices • Parades and monuments

  24. Processes, continued Reunions and continued communication (via visits, mail, and so on) with the individuals whom the soldier bonded with in combat An unconditionally warm and admiring welcome by friends, family, communities, and society, constantly reassuring the soldier that the war and his personal acts were for a necessary, just, and righteous cause • The proud display of medals

  25. How was Vietnam Different? • Only the first of these rationalization processes were present. Some were inverted and became sources of great pain, trauma and post traumatic stress.

  26. Vietnam: The Unusual War • Teenage War: • “Dirty War: • Inescapable War: • Lonely war: • First Pharmacological War:  • The Uncleansed Veteran • Defeated Veteran: • Condemned veteran:

  27. Operation Iraqi FreedomMortality UpdateMarch 19, 2003 – November 30, 2004 Lisa Pearse MAJ, MC, USA Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  28. OIF Deaths By Service3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 N = 1257 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  29. Top 10 Causes of OIF Deaths 3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  30. OIF Deaths By Manner3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 N = 1257 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  31. OIF Combat Deaths by Service and Month 3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  32. OIF Top Mechanisms of Combat DeathAll Services, 3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  33. OIF Combat Deaths by Lethal Injury Site3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004, N = 951 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  34. OIF Combat DeathsAnatomic Site of Injury By Cause of Death3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004, N = 951 Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  35. OIF Fatality Demographics3/19/2003 – 11/30/2004 • Gender: 98% male, 2% female • Age: avg 26, youngest 18, oldest 59 • Race/ethnicity: • 75% Caucasian, 12% African American, 7% Hispanic, 3% Asian/Pacific Islander, 2% Unknown, 1% Other • Rank: • 56% E4-E6, 28% E1-E3, 9% O1-O6, 5% E7-E9, 2% W1-W5 • Marital Status: • 52% single, 43% married, 3% divorced, 2% unknown • 78% active duty, 22% reserve/guard Mortality Surveillance Division, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System

  36. How do “we” prevent future Wars?

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