GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs

1. GNSS for INnovative road Applications GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2 09/06/2011 Lyon (France)

2. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION (I) • GINA: EC funded project through FP7 call 1, coordinated by GSA authorities • GINA: R&D project in the GALILEO applications area building up on the results from previous projects such as ADVANTIS, GIROADS, etc… • GINA key points: • Collaborative Project • 2 years length • 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) • 12 partners from 7 EU countries • GINA project main goals: • Context and market Analysis • RUC applicationdemonstrator at • nationwidescale • Disemminationeffortscontributingto • GNSS introduction in theelectronicpaymentforinfrastructure use • Itisintended as anothersteptobring forward the real use of GNSS systems and EGNOS/GALILEO in the ITS roaddomainapplications. • Methods, definitions and resultsachievedcould lead closertomassmarketintroduction of theseapplications in theroaddomain. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

4. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS FOTsGINA

5. FOTS GINA DESCRIPTION • Real Implementation of demonstratorfor EFC+VAS applicationbased in GNSS technologies • Nationwidescope (TheNetherlands) • Real usersdriving in real lifesituations • Performance measuredagainstUser real requirements (Dutch ABvMscheme) • Severaldifferenttests and analysescarriedout • Technical, operational and marketgoalsanalysis in thedifferentfeaturesprovidedbythesystem • GNSS based EFC/RUC applications performance demonstration • ValueAddedservices (VAS) provisionrunning in thesameplatformthatmain EFC module • GNSS performance for RUC+VAS applicationsvalidation • Addedvalueprovidedby EGNOS (GALILEO) and complementarytechnologiessuch as INS (CANBUS), Integrityprovisionwithrespectto GNSS solution • GNSS systemsevaluationmethodologyanalysis • Descripción de los test a realizar y principales características de los mismos GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs 09/06/2011 GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

6. FOTS DEFINITION KEY POINTS • 1. GNSS based OBU • 2. Nationwidearea • 3.Geobjects definition • E2E tests are focused in highlevelpeformanceforan EFC+VAS applicationbased in GNSS technologies • Volunteers drive normallywiththeirOBUsinstalled and checksystem performance and chargingthrough a web portal • Volunteersfeedbackusedformassmarketapplicationviabilityanalysis • Raw GNSS and EGNOS enhanced GNSS configurationtested • 1. GNSS based OBU • 2. GNSS ReferenceSystem • GNSS challengingroutes • 4. GeobjectsDefinition • Exhaustivetestsfocused in GNSS features performance and userrequirementsfrom real tollingscheme. • GNSS referencesystemusedformeasuring OBU resultsagainstwellknowntruth • Routescovereddefinedtopresent GNSS challengingsituationsagaisntknown GNSS flaws • Geobjectsdefinedpresentdifferentareas, cordons, segments, etc.. • Up to 4 configurationstested :GNSS (G), GNSS+EGNOS (E), GNSS+CANBUS (C), GNSS+CANBUS+EGNOS (A) GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2

7. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS FOTs RESULTS

8. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (I) Relative position accuracy error(global) Relative Computed Distance Error (global) • Data results show thatdistance accuracy errors are verylowfor 50th percentil withvaluesbelow 0.33% foralltheconfigurations. • Configurationsmaking use of odometer (CANBUS) shows thebest performance withvaluesbelow 0.05% for 50th percentil and under 0.23% for 95th percentil. • Configurationsmaking use of odometer (CANBUS) show thebestresultforallthedifferentscenariostested, without performance degradation in dense urbanenvironments, with no bigcontributionto position accuracy as expected GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

9. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (II) Key requirement for a RUC system OfficialGeobjects AlternativeGeobjects • Geobjectsdefinitionmethodologyis a keypointfor a GNSS based RUC system performance • NarrowGeo-objectssegments (<0.5km) considered as alternativeagainstother more in line withroadtopology in thechargingareaswereevaluated • “Official” Geobjectsweredetectedwith a 100% successrate • 0% geo-objects(official and alternatives) wronglyidentified • Total misseddistance in “official” geobjectsbelow 1.64% • Wrong Distance traveled in thesegeobjectsunder 0.1% of the real valuedel geoobject • DefinedAlternatieGeobjectspresentfarworseresultswithregardtoOfficialdefinedones • Increasednumber of non-detectedGeobjectsevents • Over 50% of thedistancetravelednotcomputed in theseGeobjects GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

10. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (III) Charging Relative Error forthedifferentgeobjects and OBU configurations • 2 differentmethodsfordistancecalculationanalysed • Distance between 2 consecutive positions forallthegeobject and • mean valuecalculation at theend • Distance betweenfirst position detected in thegeobject and • first position afterleavingit. • 2nd methodemployed shows betterresultsforundercharing • Overchargingevents 0% forthetwomethodsanalyzed • Resultscompliantwithuserrequirementsfrom a real RUC scheme ABvMrequirements compliant!! GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

11. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (IV) HPL sizevalues Relative Charging error Absolue Position AccuracyError • Global data analysiswascustomizedfor a set of data in GNSS non challengingscenariostomeasure EGNOS system performance (usingcurrent Civil Aviationdefined MOPS) • GNSS+EGNOS configuration performance in thisscenariowerethebestfromalltheconfigurationstestedwithregardto position accuracy. For 95th percentil position accuracy error was <3 metersan <6 metersfortherest. • HorizonalProtectionlevels (HPL) valuesforthe GNSS+EGNOS configurationprovidedIntegritywithvaluesunder 15 metersforthe 99th percentil (Integrityriskrelated set to1x10e-4) • Charging Errors in themotorwaysectionswerebetween -0.07% and -0.15% forallthejourneys and between 0.21% and 0.38% forthe 95th percentil GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

12. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (V): Navteq Vehicleroutes Navteq VehicleGeobjects • 1 month trial with Navteq controlledvehicle, following normal workroutesduringmappingcampaing • GNSS only and GNSS+EGNOS configurationstested • Vehicleequippedwithreferencesystem • Additionalinformationrelatedto OBU solution performance in more interurbanenvironmentwithregardto GMV vehicle • Geobjectsuseddefined as mainroadsegments and municipalitieschargingareasdue teste routesnature GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

13. EXHAUSTIVE TRIALS RESULTS (VI): EGNOS HPL values Relative Distance Error Relative Charging Deviation RAIM HPL values GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs

14. Summary of End-to-End trials • End-to-End trials were delayed due to difficulties with producing 100 OBUs for participants • 97 OBUs were produced (of those 91 installed) • All OBUs were installed in participating vehicles for 6 months • Phased approach • Geo-objects • 4 Municipalities identified as charging zones – large geo-objects • Utrecht • Den Haag • Rotterdam • Nijmegen • 17 Corridor segments GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

15. END2END RESULTS (I): • End2End total figures • Non controlled environment with individual drivers with different driving areas & behaviours • There was no guarantee that participant would enter the defined geo-objects. • There would be variability in how each participant travels through a defined geo-object. • Reference length of geo-objects could only be obtained from digital maps introducing slight errors • Geo-objects could only be of a certain type to allow assessment of distance travelled within (a road segment with only one entry one exit point). • Environmental impacts on the quality of GPS / EGNOS signal were unknown • GNSS only and GNSS+EGNOS configurations tested, no Odometer (CANBUS) installations performed+ • Up to 6 months of data recorded from the users GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

16. END2END RESULTS (III): Tariffs applied Geobjectusage per Hour Chargingaccuracy per Geobject • Full set of different tariffs defined per corridor, charging area, day of the week and hour of the day • Geobject usage during the day and zones show volunteers driving patterns and behaviour • Charging accuracy always under the actual distance (no overcharging) , except for one of the areas • Digital maps use for estimating distance introduced slight errors in charging accuracy and deviation GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs

17. END2END RESULTS (II): Time ToFirstFixResults ChargingDistanceDeviationResults Continuity gaps distribution HPL GPS/EGNOS distribution GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon GINA Workshop #2, Lyon

18. Summary of End-to-End trials Main Results – “Soft analysis” Main Conclusions from responses to questionnaire • Lack of communication regarding benefits of GINA (due to being a pilot) led to an apparent lack of interest in paying for services • Limitations of a trial • High penetration is needed to have an impact • Participant responses seem to reflect the contextual situation in the Netherlands • VAS services need to be sufficiently different from similar services currently available for free form the internet Main Conclusions from responses to questionnaire • Tendency to be willing to pay to use less congested roads • Perceived benefit? • User appears to be satisfied with currently available navigation technology • Willing to use EGNOS/Galileo if no reduction in quality of service • Regular contact with users regarding benefits of a scheme. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs

19. GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR. TRIALS AND RESULTS CONCLUSIONS

20. GINA FOTS CONCLUSIONS: • Exhaustive trial results confirmed that GNSS is a reliable tool for different RUC schemes. • GINA proposed technology allow distance charging with good performances and a simple, affordable solution. • European GNSS (e.g. EGNOS) and other GNSS centered techniques improve performances and reliability • Navteq & Motorway Section analysis clearly states EGNOS benefits with regard to accuracy • HPL in interurban scenarios • End2End trials results showed difficult to analyze due lack of volunteers control and data from privacy issues • End2End trials results achieved show similar charging or HPL values with good accuracy, continuity or TTFF figures GINA solution is suitable for: Discrete and distance based RUC Road and Urban With no need of cartography in the majority of cases Simple / cheap OBU Guaranteed performance Thin, Smart and Fat architectures possible Tested on ABvM system (NL) specifications GINA – GNSS FOR INNOVATIVE ROAD APPLICATIONS: FINDINGS & RESULTS FROM FOTs GINA Workshop #2, Lyon ITS Europe, Lyon (France)

21. Thank You!! Jose Maria Martin Bobis – jmmartin@gmv.com